Adenauer, West Germany’s chancellor from 1949 to 1963, initiated talks in March 1952 that resulted in West Germany agreeing to pay Israel 3 billion marks over 12 years as Holocaust reparations. The funds were crucial to the fledgling state’s economy but were criticized as “blood money” by Menachem Begin and others. The two states established full diplomatic relations two years after Adenauer left office.
A key figure in the Jewish Agency’s Political Department, Shertok, later Moshe Sharett argues for a Jewish commonwealth/state in Palestine. Pragmatically he realizes Arabs in Palestine oppose Jewish presence, yet he fully rejects a potential binational Arab-Jewish state, suggesting that the end of WWII will be a turning point in favor of a Jewish state.
April 15, 2025 Dr. Eli Sperling © Center for Israel Education, 2025 Israeli music offers a powerful lens through which we can understand the country’s cultural and political evolution, serving as both a unifying force…
August 10, 2025 College can be a challenging experience for anyone at any time. But for Jewish students, whether entering their first year or returning to campus, rising antisemitism and anti-Israel protests can threaten their…
June 2025 CIE has compiled the following list of books and articles, including some available on our website, to guide understanding of U.S.-Israel relations. Books Alteras, Isaac. Eisenhower and Israel: U.S.-Israeli Relations, 1953-1960. Gainesville: University…
June 2025 CIE has compiled the following list of books and articles to guide understanding of the connections between religion and Israeli society. Books Abramov, S. Zalman. Perpetual Dilemma: Jewish Religion in the Jewish State….
June 2025 CIE has compiled the following list of books and articles to guide understanding of Israel’s political foundations and institutions. Books Arian, Alan. Politics in Israel: The Second Republic. Washington: CQ Press, 2005. Arian,…
June 2025 CIE has compiled the following list of books and articles to guide understanding of Israel’s minorities. Books Azarya, Victor. The Armenian Quarter of Jerusalem: Urban Life Behind Monastery Walls. Berkeley: University of California…
June 2025 CIE has compiled the following list of books and articles to guide understanding of Israel’s economy. Books Abramitzky, Ran. The Mystery of the Kibbutz: Egalitarian Principles in a Capitalist World. Princeton University Press,…
June 2025 With diversity in geographic backgrounds and ideological outlooks, the Zionists practiced democracy to sustain their fledgling movement. From the establishment of the World Zionist Organization in 1897 to the present, Zionist and Israeli…
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