March 2025

CIE has compiled the following list of documents, books and articles, including some available on our website, to guide understanding of the Arab population of pre-state Palestine, Israel, the West Bank and the Gaza Strip.

Also see these CIE compilations on our website for additional material on the Arabs of Palestine/Israel:

Documents

Arafat, Yasser, and Yitzhak Rabin, “Israeli-PLO Mutual Recognition Letters,” 1993.

Center for Israel Education, “The Arab Case for Palestine, 1946.”

Center for Israel Education, “The Census of Palestine, 1931 — An Invaluable Glimpse at Palestine’s Population: Gaping Socio-Economic Distances and Differences Between Muslims, Christians and Jews.”

Center for Israel Education, “Hamas Charter Totally Rejects Israel and Zionism,” 1988.

Center for Israel Education, “Or Commission: Context and Causes of Arab-Israeli and Jewish-Israeli Communal Clashes, October 2000.”

Center for Israel Education, “Mixed Muslim and Arab Views and Actions Toward Jews, Zionism and Israel, 1920s-2025.”

Center for Israel Education, “Mufti Rejects Majority-Palestinian State, 1939.”

Center for Israel Education, “Quotations From Hamas Sources Expressing Hatred for Zionism, Israel and Jews, 1988-Present,” 2024.

Center for Israel Education, “Reasoned Views for Palestinian Arabs’ Dysfunctional Condition, 1945-1949.”

Great Britain. “Memorandum on the Administration of Palestine, June 1947.”

Great Britain. “Great Britain — Palestine: Termination of the Mandate,” 1948.

“Oslo Accords (PLO and Israel) for Interim Palestinian Self-Government,” 1993.

Palestine Administration, “The Census of Palestine, 1931: An Invaluable Glimpse at Gaping Socio-Economic Distances and Differences Among Muslims, Christians and Jews.”

“PLO Covenant, 1964,” revised 1968.

“Prime Minister Yitzhak Rabin’s Reasons for Signing the 1993 Oslo Accords,” explained in 1995.

Books

Akirav, Osnat. Parliamentary Representation of Political Minorities: Arab-Palestinian Legislators in Israel. London: Palgrave Macmillan, 2024.

Al-Haj, Majid, and Henry Rosenfeld. Arab Local Government in Israel. London: Routledge, 2020.

Al-Haj, Majid. Education, Empowerment, and Control: The Case of the Arabs in Israel. Israeli Studies. Albany: State University of New York Press, 1995.

Amara, Muhammad. Arabic in Israel: Language, Identity and Conflict. London: Routledge, 2018.

American Zionist Council. Israel and the Arab States: The Issues in Dispute: Israel’s Frontiers: The Status of Jerusalem: The Arab Refugees. New York: American Zionist Council, 1951.

Amun, Hasan, Adnan Abed Elrazik, Uri Davis, Nasr Dakhlallah, Riyad Amin, and the Middle East Research and Action Group. Palestinian Arabs in Israel: Two Case Studies. London: Ithaca Press, 1977.

El-Asmar, Fawzi. To Be an Arab in Israel. Beirut: Institute for Palestine Studies, 1978.

Bar-Tal, Daniel, and Yona Teichman. Stereotypes and Prejudice in Conflict: Representations of Arabs in Israeli Jewish Society. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2005.

Ben-Dor, Gabriel. The Druzes in Israel: A Political Study. Jerusalem: Magnes Press, 1979.

Cohen, Hillel. Army of Shadows. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2009, 259-267 (concluding chapter, with the author’s permission).

Cohen, Hillel. Good Arabs: The Israeli Security Agencies and the Israeli Arabs: 1948-1967. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2010.

Cohen, Ra’anan. Strangers in Their Homeland: A Critical Study of Israel’s Arab Citizens. Brighton: Sussex Academic Press, 2009.

Dalal, Marwan, and Rina Rosenberg. October 2000: Law & Politics Before the Or Commission of Inquiry. Shafaamr, Israel: Adalah, the Legal Center for Minority Rights in Israel, 2003.

Elpeleg, Zvi. The Grand Mufti Hajj Amin al-Hussaini. London: Cass, 1993.

Elsana, Morad. Indigenous Land Rights in Israel: A Comparative Study of the Bedouin. Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge, 2021.

Gavron, Daniel. The Other Side of Despair: Jews and Arabs in the Promised Land. Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, 2004.

Gelber, Yoav. Palestine 1948: Emergence of the Palestinian Refugee Problem. Sussex: 2001.

Ghanem, As’ad. The Palestinian-Arab Minority in Israel, 1948-2000. Albany: SUNY Press, 2001.

Ginat, Joseph. Blood Disputes Among Bedouin and Rural Arabs in Israel: Revenge, Mediation, Outcasting and Family Honor. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, 1987.

Grossman, David. Sleeping on a Wire: Conversations With Palestinians in Israel. New York: Picador, 2003.

Gurr, Ted Robert. Minorities at Risk: A Global View of Ethnopolitical Conflicts. Herndon, VA: USIP Press, 1997.

Haidar, Aziz. Social Welfare for Israel’s Arab Population. Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 1990.

Haklai, Oded. Palestinian Ethnonationalism in Israel. Philadelphia: Penn Press, 2011.

Harkabi, Y. Arab Attitudes to Israel. New York: Routledge, 2017.

Himadeh, Said B. Economic Organization of Palestine. Beirut: American University of Beirut, 1938.

Horowitz, Donald L. Ethnic Groups in Conflict. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1985.

Institute for Palestine Studies. The Arabs Under Israeli Occupation 1980. Beirut: Institute for Palestine Studies, 1981.

Jiryis, Sabri. The Arabs in Israel. New York and London: Monthly Review Press, 1976.

Kanaaneh, Rhoda Ann. Surrounded: Palestinian Soldiers in the Israeli Military. Stanford Studies in Middle Eastern and Islamic Societies and Cultures. Palo Alto, CA: Stanford University Press, 2009.

Kaufman, Ilana. Arab National Communism in the Jewish State. Gainesville: University Press of Florida, 1997.

Kedourie, Elie, and Sylvia G. Haim (eds.). Zionism and Arabism in Palestine and Israel. London: Routledge, 1982.

Kimmerling, Baruch, and Joel S. Migdal. Palestinians: The Making of a People. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1993.

Kimmerling, Baruch, and Joel S. Migdal. The Palestinian People: A History. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2003.

Klein, Claude. Israel as a Nation-State and the Problem of the Arab Minority in Search of a States. Tel Aviv: International Center for Peace in the Middle East, 1987.

Kretzmer, David. The Legal Status of the Arabs in Israel. Westview Special Studies on the Middle East. Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 1990.

Kupferschmidt, Uri. The Supreme Muslim Council: Islam Under the British Mandate. Leiden: Brill Publications, 1987.

Kymlicka, Will. Multicultural Odysseys: Navigating the New International Politics of Diversity. New York: Oxford University Press, 2007.

Landau, Jacob M. The Arab Minority in Israel, 1967-1991: Political Aspects. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1969, 1993.

Landau, Julian J. Israel and the Arabs: A Handbook of Basic Information. Jerusalem: Israel Communications, 1971.

Lewin-Epstein, Noah, and Moshe Semyonov. The Arab Minority in Israel’s Economy. New York: Routledge, 2019.

Lijphart, Arend. Democracy in Plural Societies: A Comparative Exploration. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1997.

Locker-Biletzki, Amir. Holidays of the Revolution: Communist Identity in Israel, 1919-1965. Albany: State University of New York Press, 2020.

Louer, Laurence. To Be an Arab in Israel. London: C. Hurst & Co., 2007.

Lustick, Ian. Arabs in the Jewish State: Israel’s Control of a National Minority. Austin: University of Texas Press, 1980.

Maalouf, Tony. Arabs in the Shadow of Israel: The Unfolding of God’s Prophetic Plan for Ishmael’s Line. Grand Rapids, MI: Kregel Publications, 2003.

Makhoul, Manar H. Palestinian Citizens in Israel: A History Through Fiction, 1948-2010. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2020.

Marks, Shannee. Where Is Palestine? The Arabs in Israel. London: Pluto Press, 1984.

Marx, Emmanuel. Bedouin in the Negev. Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1967.

Masalha, Nur (ed.). The Palestinians in Israel — Is Israel a State of All Its Citizens and “Absentees”? Nazareth: Galilee Center for Social Research, 1995.

Mattar, Philip. The Mufti of Jerusalem: al-Hajj Amin Al-Husayni and the Palestinian National Movement. New York: Columbia University Press, 1988.

Ministry for Foreign Affairs, Information Department. The Arabs in Israel. Jerusalem: Ministry for Foreign Affairs, 1961.

Minns, Amina, and Nadia Hijab. Citizens Apart: A Portrait of Palestinians in Israel. Society and Culture in the Middle East. London: I.B. Tauris, 1990.

Morris, Benny. 1948: The First Arab-Israel War. Yale University Press, 2008.

Morris, Benny. The Birth of the Palestinian Refugee Problem 1947-1949. London: Cambridge University Press, 1988.

Morris, Benny. The Birth of the Palestinian Refugee Problem Revisited. London: Cambridge University Press, 2004.

Nakhleh, Issa. Encyclopedia of the Palestine Problem. New York: Intercontinental Books, 1991.

Owen, Roger (ed.). Studies in the Economic and Social History of Palestine in the Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries. London: Macmillan, 1982.

Pappé, Ilan. The Israel/Palestine Question: A Reader. Rewriting Histories. London: Routledge, 2007.

Peled, Alisa. Debating Islam in the Jewish State: The Development of Policy Toward Islamic Institutions in Israel. Albany: SUNY Press, 2001.

Peleg, Ilan, and Dov Waxman. Israel’s Palestinians: The Conflict Within. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2011.

Peteet, Julie Marie. Landscape of Hope and Despair: Palestinian Refugee Camps. The Ethnography of Political Violence. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2005.

Plascov, Avi. The Palestinian Refugees in Jordan 1948, 1967. London: Cass, 1981.

Porath, Yehoshua. The Emergence of the Palestinian Arab National Movement 1918-1929. London: Cass, 1974.

Porath, Yehoshua. The Palestinian Arab National Movement 1929-1939 From Riots to Rebellion. London: Cass, 1977.

Quigley, John B. The Case for Palestine: An International Law Perspective, revised and updated. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2005.

Rabinowitz, Dan, and Khawla Abu-Baker. Coffins on Our Shoulders: The Experience of the Palestinian Citizens of Israel. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2005.

Regan, Geoffrey. Israel and the Arabs. Minneapolis: Lerner Publications, 1986.

Reiss, Nira. The Health Care of the Arabs in Israel. Westview Special Studies on the Middle East. Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 1991.

Reiter, Yitzhak. National Minority, Regional Majority: Palestinian Arabs Versus Jews in Israel. Syracuse, NY: Syracuse University Press, 2009.

Rekhess, Eli. Arab Politics in Israel at a Crossroads: Papers and Panel Discussion Based on the Proceedings of a Conference Held at Tel Aviv University, 30-31 October 1994. Tel Aviv: Moshe Dayan Center for Middle Eastern and African Studies, Tel Aviv University, 1996.

Romirowsky, Asaf, and Alexander Joffe. Religion, Politics and the Origins of Palestine Refugee Relief. London: Palgrave Macmillan, 2013.

Rosen, Harry M. The Arabs and Jews in Israel: The Reality, the Dilemma, the Promise. Jerusalem: American Jewish Committee, 1970.

Rosmer, Tilde. The Islamic Movement in Israel. Austin: University of Texas Press, 2022.

Rouhana, Nadim. Palestinian Citizens in an Ethnic Jewish State: Identities and Conflicts. New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 1997.

Rubin, Barry. The Transformation of Palestinian Politics. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2001.

Sayigh, Yezid. Armed Struggle and the Search for State: The Palestinian National Movement, 1949-1993. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000.

Schanzer, Jonathan. Hamas vs. Fatah: The Struggle for Palestine. St. Martin’s Press, 2008.

Schwarz, Adi, and Einat Wilf. The War of the Right of Return: The Battle Over the Palestinian Refugee Problem. Or Yehuda: Kinneret Zmora-Bitan Dvir Publishing House, 2018.

Segev, Tom. One Palestine, Complete: Jews and Arabs Under the British Mandate. Macmillan, 2001.

Smith, Barbara. The Roots of Separatism in Palestine: British Economic Policy, 1920-1929. Syracuse, NY: Syracuse University Press, 1993.

Smooha, Sammy. Arabs and Jews in Israel Vol. I: Conflicting and Shared Attitudes in a Divided Society. Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 1989.

Smooha, Sammy. Index of Arab-Jewish Relations in Israel 2004. Haifa: University of Haifa, 2005.

Smooha, Sammy, and Ora Cibulski. Social Research on Arabs in Israel, 1948-1977: Trends and an Annotated Bibliography. Ramat Gan: Turtledove Publishing, 1978.

Stein, Kenneth W. The Land Question in Palestine, 1917-1939. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1984, 2003.

Weigert, Gideon. Israel’s Arabs at a Turning Point. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1974.

White, Ben. Palestinians in Israel: Segregation, Discrimination and Democracy. London: Pluto Press, 2012.

Yakobson, Alexander, and Amnon Rubinstein. Israel and the Family of Nations: The Jewish Nation-State and Human Rights. New York: Routledge, 2009.

Yiftachel, Oren. Ethnocracy: Land and Identity Politics in Israel/Palestine. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2006.

Zogby, James J. Arabs in the Promised Land: The Emergence of Nationalist Consciousness Among the Arabs in Israel. Ann Arbor, MI: University Microfilms, 1975.

Zureik, Elia. The Palestinians in Israel: A Study in Internal Colonialism. London: Routledge & K. Paul, 1979.

Articles

Abboushi, W.F., “Road to Rebellion: Arab Palestine in 1930s,” Journal of Palestine Studies 6, 3 (1977): 23-46.

Abramovitch, Z., “Wartime Development of the Arab Economy in Palestine,” Palestine Yearbook 1 (1944-1945): 130-144.

Alami, Musa, “The Lesson of Palestine,” Middle East Journal 3, 4 (1949): 373-405.

Arnon-Ohanna, Yuval, “The Bands in the Palestinian Arab Revolt, 1936-1939: Structure and Organization,” Asian and African Studies 15 (1981): 229-247.

Adams, Frank, “Palestine Agriculture,” The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 164, 1 (1932): 72-83.

Bauer, Yehuda, “On the Roots of Antisemitism and the Asymmetry,” Israel Journal of Foreign Affairs (January 25, 2024).

Ben-Or, J.L., “Arab Education in Israel,” The Journal of Educational Sociology 27, 8 (1954): 380-384.

Bishara, Azmi, “Reflections on October 2000: A Landmark in Jewish-Arab Relations in Israel,” Journal of Palestine Studies 30, 3 (2001): 54-67.

Bloch, Ofra, “Hierarchical Inclusion: The Untold History of Israel’s Affirmative Action for Arab Citizens (1948-68),” Law and History Review 39, No. 1 (2021): 29-67.

Bowden, Tom, “Politics of Arab Rebellion in Palestine, 1936-1939,” Middle Eastern Studies 11, 2 (May 1975): 147-174.

Burg, Avraham, “The Way Forward: Full Citizenship for Israel’s Palestinian Minority,” Journal of Palestine Studies 44, 4 (2015): 48-56.

Butrus Abu-Maneh, “The Husaynis: The Rise of a Notable Family in 18th Century Palestine,” in David Kushner (ed.), Palestine in Late Ottoman Period, Jerusalem, Yad Ben-Zvi (1986): 93-108.

Casson, Lionel, “The Administration of Byzantine and Early Arab Palestine,” Aegyptus 32, No. 1, Raccolta di Scritti in Onore Di Girolamo Vitelli II (1952): 54-60.

Cherry, Robert, “Increased Constructive Engagement Among Israeli Arabs: The Impact of Government Economic Initiatives,” Israel Studies 19, 1 (Spring 2014): 75-97.

Chizik, I., “The Political Parties of Palestine: Arabs and Jews,” Royal Central Asian Society Journal 21 (1934): 94-129.

Doumani, Beshara B., “Rediscovering Ottoman Palestine: Writing Palestinians Into History,” Journal of Palestine Studies 21, 2 (1992): 5-28.

Dowty, Alan, “Consociationalism and Ethnic Democracy: Israeli Arabs in Comparative Perspective,” Israel Affairs 5, 2 and 3 (Winter-Spring 1999): 169-182.

Dowty, Alan, “Is Israel Democratic? Substance and Semantics in the ‘Ethnic Democracy’ Debate,” Israel Studies 4, 2 (1999): 1-15.

El Taji, Maha. “Arab Local Councils in Israel: The Democratic State and the Hamula,” in Fred Lazin, Matt Evans, Vincent Hoffmann-Martinot and Hellmut Wollman (eds.), Local Government Reforms in Countries in Transition: A Global Perspective, Lanham, Lexington Books (2007): 253-269.

Emmett, Chad F., “Conflicting Loyalties and Local Politics in Nazareth,” Middle East Journal 51, 4 (1997): 535-553.

Esman, Milton, and Itamar Rabinovich, “The Study of Ethnic Politics in the Middle East,” in Milton and Rabinovich (eds.), Ethnicity, Pluralism and State in the Middle East, Ithaca, NY, Cornell University Press (1988): 3-24.

Fakhr, Sakr Abu, “Voices From the Golan,” Journal of Palestine Studies 29, 4 (2000): 5-36.

Farsakh, Leila, “Palestinian Economic Development: Paradigm Shifts Since the First Intifada,” Journal of Palestine Studies 45, 2 (2016): 55-71.

Firro, Kais, “Reshaping Druze Particularism in Israel,” Journal of Palestine Studies 30, 3 (2001): 40-53.

Frisch, Hillel, “Ethnicity or Nationalism? Comparing the Nakba Narrative Among Israeli Arabs and Palestinians — The West Bank and Gaza,” Israel Affairs 9, 1-2 (2003): 165-188.

Feuer, Sarah, “The Real Impact of the War Between Hamas and Israel,” The National Interest, May 21, 2021.

Frisch, Hillel, “Israel and Its Arab Citizens,” Israel Affairs 11, 1 (2005): 207-222.

Gavison, Ruth, “Jewish and Democratic? A Rejoinder to the ‘Ethnic Democracy’ Debate,” Israel Studies 4, 1 (1999): 44-58.

Ghanem, As’ad, “Israel’s Second-Class Citizens: Arabs in Israel and the Struggle for Equal Rights,” Foreign Affairs 95, 4 (2016): 37-42.

Ghanem, As’ad, “The Limits of Parliamentary Politics: The Arab Minority in Israel and the 1992 and 1996 Elections,” Israel Affairs 2, 2 (Winter 1997): 72-93.

Ghanem, As’ad, “The Political Institutions of the Palestinian Minority in Israel,” in The Oxford Handbook of Israeli Politics and Society (July 2018): 395-410.

Ghanem, As’ad, and Muhannad Mustafa, “The Palestinians in Israel and the 2006 Knesset Elections: Political and Ideological Implications of Election Boycott,” Holy Land Studies 6, No. 1 (2007): 51-73.

Ghanem, As’ad, Nadim Rouhana, and Oren Yiftachel, “Questioning ‘Ethnic Democracy’: A Response to Sammy Smooha,” Israel Studies 3, 2 (Fall 1998): 253-267.

Goldscheider, Calvin, “The Arab-Israelis: Demography, Dependency and Distinctiveness,” Asian and African Studies 27 (March-July 1993): 67-84.

Graham-Brown, Sarah, “The Political Economy of Jabal Nablus, 1920-1948,” in Roger Owen (ed.), Studies in Economic and Sociological History of Palestine in the Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries (1982): 88-176.

Gribetz, Jonathan Marc, Defining Neighbors: Religion, Race, and the Early Zionist-Arab Encounter, Princeton University Press (2014).

Haj-Yehia, Kussai, and Boaz Lev Tov, “Preservation of Palestinian Arab Heritage as a Strategy for the Enrichment of Civil Coexistence in Israel,” Social Identities 24, 6 (March 2017): 727-744.

Halabi, Yakub, “Democracy, Clan Politics and Weak Governance: The Case of the Arab Municipalities in Israel,” Israel Studies 19, 1 (Spring 2014): 98-125.

Halkin, Hillel, “The Jewish State and Its Arabs,” Commentary 30, 127 (2009): 30-37.

Havel, Boris, “Hajj Amin Husseini’s Anti-Semitic Legacy,” The Middle East Quarterly 22, 3 (Summer 2015): 1-11.

Herzog, Hanna, and Yahia-Younis Taghreed, “Men’s Bargaining With Patriarchy: The Case of Primaries Within Hamulas in Palestinian Arab Communities in Israel,” Gender and Society 21 (August 2007): 579-602.

Hofman, John E., “Readiness for Social Relations Between Arabs and Jews in Israel,” Journal of Conflict Resolution 16, 2 (1972): 241-250.

International Crisis Group, “Ruling Palestine I: Gaza Under Hamas,” Middle East Report, No.73, March 19, 2008.

Jabareen, Yousef T., “Enshrining Exclusion: The Nation-State Law and the Arab-Palestinian Minority in Israel,” in Simon Rabinovitch (ed.), Defining Israel: The Jewish State, Democracy, and the Law, Hebrew Union College Press, Cincinnati (2018): 249-264.

Jamal, Amal, “The Labyrinth of Arab Politics in Israel,” in Asher Arian and Michal Shamir (eds.), The Elections in Israel-2001, Jerusalem, Israel Democracy Institute (2002): 55-103.

Jamal, Amal, “Nationalizing States and the Constitution of ‘Hollow Citizenship’: Israel and Its Palestinian Citizens,” Ethnopolitics 6, 4 (2007): 471-493.

Jamal, Amal, “Strategies of Minority Struggle for Equality in Ethnic States: Arab Politics in Israel,” Citizenship Studies 11, 3 (2007): 263-282.

Jiryis, Sabri, “The Legal Structure for the Expropriation and Absorption of Arab Lands in Israel,” Journal of Palestine Studies 2, 4 (1973): 82-104.

Katz, Yossi, “Status and Rights of the Arab Minority in the Nascent Jewish State,” Middle Eastern Studies 33, 3 (1997): 535-569.

Kedourie, Elie, “Ethnicity, Majority and Minority in the Middle East,” in Milton Esman and Itamar Rabinovich (eds.), Ethnicity, Pluralism and the State in the Middle East, Ithaca and London, Cornell University Press (1988): 26-38.

Khalaf, Isa, “The Effect of Socioeconomic Change on Arab Societal Collapse in Mandate Palestine,” International Journal of Middle East Studies 29, 1 (February 1997): 93-112.

Khalidi, Rashid, “The Palestinians and 1948: The Underlying Causes of Failure,” in Eugene Rogan and Avi Shlaim (eds.), The War for Palestine: Rewriting the History of 1948, Cambridge University Press (2007): 1-46.

Kimmerling, Baruch, “The Formation Process of Palestinian Collective Identities: The Ottoman and Colonial Periods,” in Clash of Identities: Explorations in Israeli and Palestinian Societies, New York, Columbia University Press (2008): 58-84.

Kupferschmidt, Uri M., “Note on Muslim Religious Hierarchy Towards End of Ottoman Period,” in David Kushner (ed.), Palestine in Late Ottoman Period, Jerusalem, Yad Ben-Zvi (1986): 123-129.

Layish, Aharon, “The Status of the Sharìa in a Non-Muslim State — The Case of Israel,” Asian and African Studies 27 (1993): 171-187.

Lavie, Ephraim, Meir Elran, Ilham Shahbari, Khader Sawaed, and Jony Essa, “Jewish-Arab Relations in Israel, April-May 2021,” Institute for National Security Studies, 2021.

Lehman-Wilzig, Sam, “Copying the Master? Patterns of Israeli-Arab Protest, 1950-1990,” Asian and African Studies 27, 1-2 (1993): 129-147.

Litvak, Meir, “The Islamization of the Palestinian-Israeli Conflict: The Case of Hamas,” Middle East Studies (January 1988).

Litvak, Meir, “A Palestinian Past: National Construction and Reconstruction,” History and Memory 6, 2 (Fall/Winter 1994): 24-56.

Lockman, Zachary, “Railway Workers and Relational History: Arabs and Jews in British Mandate-Ruled Palestine,” Comparative Studies in Society and History 35, 3 (1993): 601-627.

Lowrance, S., “Identity, Grievances, and Political Action: Recent Evidence From the Palestinian Community in Israel,” International Political Science Review 27, 2 (2006): 167-190.

Masri, Mazen, “The Two-State Model and Israeli Constitutionalism: Impact on the Palestinian Citizens of Israel,” Journal of Palestine Studies 44, 4 (2015): 7-20.

Mattar, Philip, “The Mufti of Jerusalem and the Politics of Palestine,” Middle East Journal 42, 2 (Spring 1988): 227-240.

Matza, Doron, “Patterns of Resistance Among Israel’s Arab-Palestinian Minority: A Historical Review and a Look to the Future,” Institute for National Security Studies, 2018.

Mazawi, Andre E., “University Education, Credentialism and Social Stratification Among Palestinian Arabs in Israel,” Higher Education 29, 4 (1995): 351-368.

Monroe, Elizabeth, “The Arab-Israel Frontier,” International Affairs (Royal Institute of International Affairs) 29, 4 (1953): 439-448.

Morris, Benny, “Operation Dani and the Palestinian Exodus From Lydda and Ramle in 1948,” Middle East Journal 40, 1 (1986): 82-109.

Moshe, Sharon, “Palestine in the Islamic and Ottoman Periods,” in Michael Curtis, Joseph Neyer, and Chaim I. Waxman (eds.), The Palestinians: People, History, Politics, New Brunswick, NJ, Transaction Books (1975): 9-20.

Nakhleh, Khalil, “Anthropological and Sociological Studies on the Arabs in Israel: A Critique,” Journal of Palestine Studies 6, 4 (1977): 41-70.

Nashif, Taysir, “Palestinian Arab and Jewish Leadership in the Mandate Period,” Journal of Palestine Studies 6 (1977): 113-121.

Neuberger, Binyamin, “Trends in the Political Organization of the Arabs in Israel,” in Elie Rekhess (ed.), Arab Politics in Israel at a Crossroad, Tel Aviv (1996): 27-40.

Nevo, Joseph, “The Palestine Arab Party, 1944-1946,” Asian and African Studies 14 (1980): 99-115.

Nevo, Joseph, “The Renewal of Palestinian Political Activity 1943-1945,” in Gabriel Ben-Dor (ed.), The Palestinians and the Conflict, Institute for Middle Eastern Studies (1976): 59-70.

Okun, Barbara S., and Dov Friedlander, “Educational Stratification Among Arabs and Jews in Israel: Historical Disadvantage, Discrimination, and Opportunity,” Population Studies 59, 2 (2005): 163-180.

Payes, Shany, “Palestinian NGOs in Israel: A Campaign for Civic Equality in a Non-Civic State,” Israel Studies 8, 1 (2003): 60-90.

Peleg, Ilan, “Jewish-Palestinian Relations in Israel: From Hegemony to Equality?” International Journal of Politics, Culture, and Society 17, 3 (2003): 415-437.

Peled, Yoav, “Ethnic Democracy and the Legal Construction of Citizenship: Arab Citizens of the Jewish State,” The American Political Science Review 86, 1 (1992): 432-443.

Peres, Yochanan, “Modernization and Nationalism in the Identity of the Israeli Arabs,” The Middle East Journal 24, 4 (1970): 479-492.

Peres, Yochanan, and Nira Yuval-Davis, “Some Observations on the National Identity of the Israeli Arabs,” Human Relations 22, 3 (1969): 219-233.

Peretz, Don, “Early State Policy Toward the Arab Population, 1948-1955,” in Laurence Silberstein (ed.), New Perspectives on Israeli History: The Early Years of the State, New York, New York University Press (1991): 82-102.

Porath, Yehoshua, “Al-Hajj Amin Al-Husayni, Mufti of Jerusalem: His Rise to Power and the Consolidation of His Position,” Asian and African Studies 7 (1971): 121-156.

Porath, Yehoshua, “Social Aspects of the Emergence of the Palestinian Arab National Movement,” in Menachem Milson (ed.), Society and Political Structure in the Arab World, Jerusalem, Van Leer Foundation (1973): 93-144.

Porath, Yehoshua, “The Palestinian-Arab Nationalist Movement,” in Palestinian Arab Nationalism (1975): 121-127.

Razin, Eran, and Anna Hazan, “Municipal Boundary Conflicts Between Jewish and Arab Local Authorities in Israel: Geography of Administration or Geopolitics?” Geografiska Annaler, Series B, Human Geography 86, 2 (2004): 79-94.

Rekhess, Eli, “The Arabs in Israel and the Intifada,” in Robert Owen Freedman (ed.), The Intifada: Its Impact on Israel, the Arab World, and the Superpowers, Miami, Florida International University Press (1991).

Rekhess, Eli, “The Arabs of Israel After Oslo: Localization of the National Struggle,” Israel Studies 7, 3 (2002): 1-44.

Rekhess, Eli, “The Evolvement of an Arab-Palestinian National Minority in Israel,” Israel Studies 12, 3 (2007): 1-28.

Rekhess, Eli, “Government Resolutions Passed in Recent Years Regarding the Arab Population of Israel,” The Abraham Fund Initiatives (November 4, 2005).

Rekhess, Eli, “In the Shadow of National Conflict: Inter-Group Attitudes and Images of Arab and Jews in Israel,” TriQuarterly 131, 1 (Winter 2007): 206-236.

Rekhess, Eli, “Initial Israeli Policy Guideline Toward the Arab Minority, 1948-1949,” in Laurence Silberstein (ed.), New Perspectives in Israeli History, New York, NYU Press (1991): 103-123.

Rekhess, Eli, “Islamism Across the Green Line,” Washington Institute, Research Memorandum 39 (August 1997): 1-23.

Rekhess, Eli, “Israel’s Arab Minority and the Elections for the Seventeenth Knesset: The Beginning of a New Era?” in Asher Arian and Michal Shamir (eds.), The Elections in Israel (2006): 159-188.

Rekhess, Eli, “Israeli Arabs and the Arabs of the West Bank and Gaza: Political Affinity and National Solidarity,” Asian and African Studies 23, 2-3 (November 1989): 119-154.

Rekhess, Eli, “The Arab Minority in Israel: Reconsidering the ‘1948 Paradigm,’” Israel Studies 19, 2 (2014): 187-217.

Rosenfeld, Henry, “From Peasantry to Wage Labor and Residual Peasantry: The Transformation of an Arab Village,” Peoples and Cultures of the Middle East 2 (1970): 143-168.

Rouhana, Nadim, “Accentuated Identities in Protracted Conflict: The Collective Identity of the Palestinian Citizens in Israel,” Asian and African Studies 27 (1993): 97-127.

Rouhana, Nadim, “The Political Transformation of the Palestinians in Israel: From Acquiescence to Challenge,” Journal of Palestine Studies 18, 3 (1989): 38-59.

Rouhana, Nadim, and As’ad Ghanem, “The Crisis of Minorities in Ethnic States: The Case of Palestinian Citizens in Israel,” International Journal of Middle East Studies 30, 3 (1998): 321-346.

Rouhana, Nadim, Nabil Saleh, and Nimer Sultany, “Voting Without Voice: About the Vote of the Palestinian Minority in the 16th Knesset Elections,” in Asher Arian and Michal Shamir (eds.), The Elections in Israel — 2003, New Brunswick, NJ, Transaction, 2005: 215-244.

Rudnitzky, Arik, “The Contemporary Historiographical Debate in Israel on Government Policies on Arabs in Israel During the Military Administration Period,” Israel Studies 19, 1 (Spring 2014): 24-47.

Sa’di, Ahmad H., “Catastrophe, Memory and Identity: Al-Nakbah as a Component of Palestinian Identity,” Israel Studies 7, 2 (2002): 175-198.

Sahliyeh, Emile, “The PLO and the Israeli Arabs,” Asian and African Studies 27, 1-2 (March-July 1993): 84-96.

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