Books and Documents

Oren Barak, The Lebanese Army: A National Institution in a Divided Society. Albany: State University of New York, 2009.

Benedetta Berti, The Ongoing Battle for Beirut: Old Dynamics and New Trends, Institute for National Security Studies, 2011 (117 pages).

Youssef Chaitani, Lebanon in the Syrian Quagmire: Fault Lines, Resilience and Possible Futures, Belfer Center, 2014 (online as a PDF).

Laura Zittrain Eisenberg, My Enemy’s Enemy: Lebanon in the Early Zionist Imagination, 1900-1948. Detroit: Wayne State University Press, 1994.

Richard A. Gabriel, Operation Peace for Galilee: The Israeli-PLO War in Lebanon. New York: Hall and Wang, 1984.

Amos Harel and Avi Issacharoff, 34 Days: Israel, Hezbollah, and the War in Lebanon. United Kingdom: Palgrave Macmillan, 2008.

Efraim Karsh, Rory Miller and Michael Kerr, Conflict, Diplomacy and Society in Israeli-Lebanese Relations. United Kingdom: Taylor & Francis, 2013.

Asher Kaufman, Contested Frontiers in the Syria-Lebanon-Israel Region: Cartography, Sovereignty, and Conflict. United States: Woodrow Wilson Center Press/Johns Hopkins University Press, 2014.

Matthew Levitt, Hezbollah: The Global Footprint of Lebanon’s Party of God. London: Hurst Publishers, 2013.

Beate Hamizrachi, The Emergence of the South Lebanon Security Belt: Major Saad Haddad and the Ties With Israel, 1975-1978. New York: Praeger, 1988.

Mordechai Nisan, The Conscience of Lebanon: A Political Biography of Etienne Sakr (Abu-Arz). London: Routledge, 2003.

Itamar Rabinovich, The War for Lebanon: 1970-1985. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1985.

Jonathan C. Randal, Christian Warlords, Israeli Adventurers, and the War in Lebanon. New York: Vintage Books, 1984.

Franck Salameh, Lebanon’s Jewish Community: Fragments of Lives Arrested. Germany: Springer International Publishing, 2018.

Ze’ev Schiff and Ehud Ya’ari, Israel’s Lebanon War. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1984.

Kirsten E Schulze, Israel’s Covert Diplomacy in Lebanon. New York: St. Martin’s, 1998.

Kenneth Stein and Roni Eshel, The War in Lebanon, 1982, and the Kahan Report, Center for Israel Education, 2010 (background and analyses of the war and investigative aftermath).

U.N. Resolution 1701 — Israel-Lebanon Border, August 2006, Center for Israel Education.

Heiko Wimmen, Divisive Rule Sectarianism and Power Maintenance in the Arab Spring: Bahrain, Iraq, Lebanon and Syria, Stiftung fur Wissenshaft und Politik, March 2014.

Meir Zamir, Lebanon’s Quest: The Road to Statehood, 1926-1939. New York: I.B. Tauris, 1997.

Eyal Zisser, Lebanon: The Challenge of Independence. New York: I.B. Tauris, 2000.

Articles and Videos

Yaakov Amidror, “Logic of Israel’s Actions to Contain Iran in Syria and Lebanon,” Jerusalem Institute for Strategic Studies, April 2024.

Tal Beeri, “Hezbollah — The Supplying of Fuel in Southern Lebanon for Civilian and Military Purposes,” Alma Research and Education Center, August 22, 2024.

Rex Brynen, “PLO Policy in Lebanon: Legacies and Lessons.” Journal of Palestine Studies 18, No. 2 (Winter 1989): 48–70.

Citrinowicz, Danny. The Fall of the Assad Regime—A Dramatic Blow to Iran’s Axis of Resistance, INSS, December 2024

Neil Caplan and Ian Black, “Israel and Lebanon: Origins of a Relationship.” Jerusalem Quarterly, No. 27 (1983): 48–58.

Diker, Dan. “Understanding Israel’s ‘Strong Horse’ Strikes in Syria: Prevention, Security, Perception in the Shadow of Iran,” Jerusalem Center for Public Affairs, July 21, 2025.

Aidan New, “Hezbollah and the Hamas-Israel War (4 videos),” (Hezbollah’s presence in Lebanon, Iran’s influence over Hezbollah, Hezbollah’s assault on Israel explained, and Hezbollah’s Response to the Oct. 7 attacks), Center for Israel Education, September 2024.

Eliahu Elath, “‘Phoenician Zionism’ in Lebanon,” Jerusalem Quarterly 42 (Spring 1987): 38-56.

Eliahu Elath, “Zionism at the UN,” Philadelphia: The Jewish Publication Society of America, 1976.

Fefer, Adam. “Regime Change and Minority Risks: Syrian Alawites After Assad,” Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, July 21, 2025.

Laura Zittrain Eisenberg, “Desperate Diplomacy: Zionist-Maronite Treaty of 1946,” Studies in Zionism 13, No. 2 (1992): 147-163.

Laura Zittrain Eisenberg, “History Revisited or Revamped? The Maronite Factor in Israel’s 1982 Invasion of Lebanon,” Israel Affairs 15, No. 4 (2009): 372–96.

Hanin Ghaddar, “Lebanon’s New Government May Walk a Thin Line Between Promises and Compromises,” Washington Institute for Near East Policy, February 12, 2025. (See her other multiple publications on Israel, Lebanon and Hezbollah at the Washington Institute.)

Simon Haddad, “Lebanese Christian Perceptions on Peace With Israel,” Journal of South Asian and Middle Eastern Studies 24, No. 3 (Spring 2001): 13-33.

Gershon Hacohen, “Lebanon’s Strategic Symbiosis,” BESA Center, December 10, 2018.

Matthew Hughes, “Lebanon’s Armed Forces and the Arab-Israeli War, 1948-1949,” Journal of Palestine Studies 34, No. 2 (Winter 2005): 24-41.

Lerman, Eran.  “U.S. Positions on the Syrian Question – and the Challenge They Pose for Israel,” The Jerusalem Institute for Strategy and Security, July 26, 2025. 

Lerman, Eran. “Iran’s Grip in Lebanon Must Be Broken,” Jerusalem Institute for Strategy and Security, December 8, 2024.

Matthew Levitt, “Hezbollah Shadow Governance in Lebanon,” Washington Institute for Near East Policy, August 6, 2024.

Orna Mizrahi, “The Diplomatic Crisis That Adds Fuel to the Lebanese Fire,” Institute for National Security Studies, October 31, 2021.

Benny Morris, “Israel and the Lebanese Phalange: The Birth of a Relationship, 1948-1951,” Studies in Zionism 6, No. 1 (Spring 1984): 125-44.

Jacques Neriah, “Hizbullah Claims Seven Villages in Northern Galilee Are Part of Lebanon,” Jerusalem Center for Public Affairs, February 21, 2024.

Assaf Orion, “Southern Lebanon: The Land of Three Armies,” Institute for National Security Studies, July 2, 2019.

Walid Phares, “Liberating Lebanon,” Middle East Quarterly, December 1996: 21-30.

Paul Rivlin, “The Politics of Lebanon’s Economic Collapse,” Moshe Dayan Center, November 28, 2019.

Kirsten E Schulze, “Coercive Diplomacy: The 1950 Israeli Attack on a Lebanese Airliner,” Middle Eastern Studies 31, No. 4 (October 1995): 919-931.

Kirsten E Schulze, “Israeli and Maronite Nationalisms: Is a Minority Alliance Natural?” Nationalism, Minorities, and Diasporas: Identities and Rights in the Middle East, edited by Martin Stokes and Colm Campbell, 158-70. London: I.B. Tauris, 2009.

David Shenker, “An Israel-Lebanon Agreement May Not be Worth the Costs,” Washington Institute for Near East Policy, May 14, 2024.

David Shenker, Hanin Ghaddar, Assaf Orion and Matthew Levitt, “The Hezbollah-Israel Ceasefire and U.S. Leadership: What Comes Next,” video and transcript, Washington Institute for Near East Policy, December 4, 20024.

David Shenker, “Lebanon Heads Towards Promised Sovereignty,” Washington Institute for Near East Policy, January 8, 2025.

Michael Singh and Dana Stroul, “The Syria Breakdown, Episode Five: After Assad, Navigating Syria Policy,” congressional testimony, Washington Institute for Near East Policy, February 13, 2025.

Jonathan Spyer, “Hizballah’s Deep State in Lebanon,” Jerusalem Institute for Strategy and Security, November 7, 2019.

Eyal Zisser, “The 1982 ‘Peace for Galilee’ War: Looking Back in Anger — Between an Option of War and a War of No Option,” in Never-Ending Conflict, edited by Mordechai Bar-On. Mechanicsburg: Stackpole Books, 2004.

Eyal Zisser, “The Maronites, Lebanon and the State of Israel: Early Contacts,” Middle Eastern Studies 31, No. 4 (October 1995): 889-917.

Michael Bar Zohar, “Ben-Gurion and the Policy of the Periphery,” in Israel in the Middle East, edited by Itamar Rabinovich and Yehuda Reinharz, 191-197. Lebanon: Brandeis University Press, 2008.