Israel-Iran Relations, a Comprehensive Bibliography

Updated March 2026

Originally posted June 9, 2025.

Resources on Israel-Iran relations compiled by the Center for Israel Education include a timeline, speeches and other documents and sources, and analytical videos and podcasts, in addition to must-read articles and books. Authors Michael Eisenstadt, Patrick Clawson and Raz Zimmt stand out with their analyses.

We have not included paywalled articles, most notably the work of Karim Sadjadpour. Sadjadpour, Eisenstadt, Clawson and Zimmt have given in-depth interviews about the U.S.-Israel-Iran war worthy of consideration.

For books on modern Iran, we particularly suggest the work of David Menashri, Ofira Seliktar, Nikki Keddie, Farhad Kazemi, Ervand Abrahamian and Barry Rubin. For the most thorough year-by-year assessment of Iran from 1977 to 2000, we recommend the chapters found in the annual Middle East Contemporary Survey by the Moshe Dayan Center for Middle Eastern and African Studies at Tel Aviv University.

— Ken Stein, March 17, 2026

Center for Israel Education, Explainers: Iran and the Hamas-Israel War (five videos, 3:54, 4:13, 3:38, 4:29, 4:06), November 2024.

CNN International, “Israel’s Covert Intelligence Operations” (5:17), Jonathan Conricus, June 26, 2025.

Israel Policy Forum, “Assessing the War in Iran” (1:04:12), Shira Efron, Dana Stroul and Rachel Brandenburg, June 25, 2025.

Israel Policy Forum, “Israel and Iran at War” (58:41), Raz Zimmt, Kenneth Pollack and Rachel Brandenburg, June 18, 2025.

Middle East Institute, “After the 12-Day War: Iran, Israel, and the Future Regional Order” (audio, 37:05), Ross Harrison (Decoding Iran’s Foreign Policy), June 25, 2025.

Middle East Institute, “Israel-Iran War Press Briefing” (58:32), Shira Efron, Karim Sadjadpour and Kenneth M. Pollack, June 19, 2025.

Middle East Institute, “Regional Reactions to the Iran-Israel Conflict” (48:52), Brian Katulis, Charles Lister, Gonul Tol, F. Gregory Gause III and Mirette Mabrouk, June 13, 2025.

Washington Institute for Near East Policy, “Energy and Economic Implications of the Iran-Israel Conflict” (56:00), Homayoun Falakshahi, Jennifer Gnana, Gregory Brew and Noam Raydan, June 27, 2025.

Washington Institute for Near East Policy, “U.S. Attacks Iranian Nuclear Sites: Implications for Israel, the Middle Easte and U.S. Policy” (1:14:44), Dana Stroul, Michael Herzog, Dennis Ross and Robert Satloff, June 25, 2025.

Articles

Abramson, Scott, “The Iranian Regime Is Not Its People,” JNS, August 19, 2024.

Abramson, Scott, “The Iranian Intellectual Who Inspired the Islamic Revolution and Admired Israel,” Tablet, June 26, 2017.

Abdul-Hussain, Hussain, “Victory Over Iran Gives Trump the Chance to Reshape Mid East With Trade Deals,” Foundation for Defense of Democracies, June 24, 2025.

Alimardani, Mahsa, and Sam Gregory, “Iran-Israel AI War Propaganda Is a Warning to the World,” Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, July 28, 2025.

Al-Rashed, Abdulrahman, “The Dangers of an Iran War for the Gulf,” AlArabiya, January 28, 2026.

Amidror, Yaakov, “Iran’s ‘Ring of Fire,’” Jerusalem Institute for Strategy and Security, April 8, 2024.

Bellinger, John B. III, “Does Trump Have the Authority to Strike Iran?” Council on Foreign Relations, June 18, 2025.

Ben-Meir, Alon, “Israel’s Response to a Nuclear Iran,” International Journal on World Peace, 27:1 (2010): 61-78.

Ben-Dror Yemini, “Trump’s Middle East Gamble: Why Sidelining Israel Empowers Iran and Hamas,” Ynet News, May 13, 2025.

Ben-Sasson Gordis, Avishay, Danny Citrinowicz, Udi Dekel, Orna Mizrahi, Yaron Schneider, Eldad Shavit, Sima Shine, Carmit Valensi, Raz Zimmt, Ari Heistein, Rachel Brandenburg, Shira Efron, Michael Koplow, and Garrett Nada, “Fracturing the Axis: Degrading and Disrupting Iran’s Proxy Network,” Institute for National Security Studies and Israel Policy Forum, September 11, 2025.

Ben-Sasson Gordis, Avishay, Jesse R. Weinberg, Sima Shine, and Danny Citrinowicz, “Strategic Assessment: Scenarios for US Intervention in the Unrest in Iran and Possible Iranian Responses,” Institute for National Security Studies, January 19, 2026.

Ben Menachem, Yoni, “Israel and Iran Prepare for a New Round of Fighting,” Jerusalem Center for Security and Foreign Affairs, July 29, 2025.

Ben Menachem, Yoni, “Strategic Suicide? Why Iran’s Ayatollah Khamenei Is Again Preparing for War,” Jerusalem Center for Security and Foreign Affairs, June 29, 2025.

Beres, Louis Rene, “War With Iran: Israel’s Legal Obligation to Prevent Iranian Nuclear Weapons,” Begin-Sadat Center for Strategic Studies, June 19, 2024.

Berman, Howard, Michèle Flournoy, Jane Harman, Leon Panetta, David Petraeus, Dennis Ross and Robert Satloff, “Statement on Improving the Potential for a Diplomatic Resolution to the Iran Nuclear Challenge,” Washington Institute for Near East Policy, December 17, 2021.

Bialer, Uri, “Fuel Bridge Across the Middle East — Israel, Iran, and the Eilat-Ashkelon Oil Pipeline,” Israel Studies, 12:3 (2007): 29-67.

Bialer, Uri, “The Iranian Connection in Israel’s Foreign Policy: 1948-1951,” Middle East Journal, 39:2 (1985): 292-315.

Boches, Sarah, and Matthew Levitt, “Spy Versus Spy: Iran’s Playbook for Espionage in Israel,” Washington Institute for Near East Policy, August 26, 2025.

Boniadi, Nazanin, “The 44-Year Riddle of Iran’s Democratic Opposition,” IranWire, September 5, 2023.

“Captured Documents Show Iranian Support for Hamas in the Gaza Strip,” Meir Amit Intelligence and Terrorism Information Center, November 18, 2024.

Charai, Ahmed, “Iran, Time, and the Test of Diplomacy,” The Jerusalem Strategic Tribune, February 2026.

Charbel, Ghassan, “Iran’s Painful Scenes and Decisive Moment,” Asharq Al-Awsat, March 17, 2025.

Clawson, Patrick, “An Iranian Nuclear Breakout Is Not Inevitable,” Policy Analysis 8, Washington Institute for Near East Policy, December 20, 2011.

Clawson, Patrick, “What If the United States Doesn’t Strike Iran?” Washington Institute for Near East Policy, February 3, 2026

Clawson, Patrick, and Farzin Nadimi, “What Kind of Supreme Leader Would Mojtaba Khamenei Be?” Washington Institute for Near East Policy, March 5, 2026.

Cohen, Stéphane, Raz Zimmt, Noga Sarid, Avihu Marom and Mora Deitch, “Interactive Map: Iran’s Strategic Assets,” Institute for National Security Studies, May 21, 2025.

Czerny, Milan, “Better Late Than Never: Israeli Companies Finally Reach Out to Ukraine to Help Fight Iranian Drones,” Shomrim, November 30, 2024.

Dagres, Holly, “Khomeini Promised Free Water. Iran Is Running Out of It,” Washington Institute for Near East Policy, November 28, 2025.

Davar, Faramarz, “The Timeline of Iran’s Nuclear Program From 1956 to Now,” IranWire, June 13, 2025.

David, Yuval, “The Axis of Instability: Iran, Proxy Warfare, and the Fragmenting Middle East,” Middle East Forum, February 20, 2026.

Davidi, Avi, “Iran After the January 2026 Protests: A Strategic Assessment and Examination of How the Principal Actors Are Preparing for the Next Round,” Jerusalem Institute for Strategy and Security, February 19, 2026.

Davidi, Avi, “Iranian Disappointment With Russa and the Strategic Turn to China,” Jerusalem Institute for Strategy and Security, November 12, 2025.

Deitch, Mora, Idit Shafran Gittleman, Anat Shapira, Abir Gitlin, and Nitsan Prayzler, “The Israeli Public and the Campaign Against Iran: Survey Results — June 2025,” Institute for National Security Studies, June 22, 2025.

Dergham, Raghida, “‘Epic Fury’ Changes Rules of the Game: Iranian Regime on the Brink of Collapse,” AlArabiya, March 1, 2026.

Diker, Dan, “Understanding Israel’s ‘Strong Horse’ Strikes on Syria: Prevention, Security, Perception in the Shadow of Iran,” Jerusalem Center for Security and Foreign Affairs, July 21, 2025.

Dubowitz, Mark, “Mapping Protests in Iran,” Foundation for Defense of Democracies, updated March 16, 2026.

Eisenstadt, Michael, “Attacking Iran’s Nuclear Program: The Complex Calculus of Preventive Action,” Washington Institute for Near East Policy, March 11, 2025.

Eisenstadt, Michael, “Deterrence and Escalation Dynamics With Iran: Insights From Four Decades of Conflict and a Twelve-Day War,” Washington Institute for Near East Policy, February 20, 2026.

Eisenstadt, Michael, “Iran’s Retaliation: Choreography, Escalation Management, and the Mirage of ‘All-Out’ War,” Washington Institute for Near East Policy, June 25, 2025.

Entessar, Nader, “Israel and Iran’s National Security,” Journal of South Asian and Middle Eastern Studies, 27:4 (2004): 1-19.

Epstein, Joseph, “Recent Cracks in Russian-Iranian Relations,” Begin-Sadat Center for Strategic Studies, September 15, 2024.

Eyre, Alan, “Iran and the ‘Ship of Theseus’ Paradox,” The Jerusalem Strategic Tribune, April 2024.

Farhang, Mansour, “The Iran-Israel Connection,” Arab Studies Quarterly, 11:1 (1989): 85-98.

Freilich, Chuck, “The Israel-Iran Connection,” Journal of Palestine Studies, 16:3 (1987): 210-212.

Freilich, Chuck, “The United States, Israel, and Iran: Defusing an ‘Existential’ Threat,” Arms Control Today, 38:9 (2008): 6-11.

Gause, F. Gregory III, “Where Do We Go From Here? Day 5 of the Israel-Iran War,” Middle East Institute, June 17, 2025.

Gerecht, Reuel Marc, “Israel and the Islamic Republic of Iran,” Sapir, October 23, 2023.

Gettinger, Daniel M., and Clayton Thomas, “Iran’s Ballistic Missile Programs: Background and Context,” Congressional Research Service, June 23, 2025.

Ghaddar, Hanin, “As Hezbollah Nervously Watches Iran, Washington Should Double Down on Disarmament,” Washington Institute for Near East Policy, January 16, 2026.

Ghaddar, Hanin, Noam Raydan, Michael Knights, Ghaith al-Omari, Grant Rumley, Anna Borshchevskaya, and Souhire Medini, “Key Outside Actors in the Iran-Israel Showdown: A Compilation of Washington Institute Assessments,” Washington Institute for Near East Policy, June 18, 2025.

Gilboa, Eytan, “Will US-Israel Ties Withstand Possible Strains Due to the Iranian and Palestinian Issues?” Jerusalem Institute for Strategy and Security, January 26, 2022.

Golkar, Saeid, and Kasra Aarabi, “The Tharallah Headquarters Unveiled: The Hidden Infrastructure Blocking Regime Change in Iran,” United Against Nuclear Iran, January 2026.

Golkar, Saeid, and Kasra Aarabi, “Unmasking the Bayt: Inside the Supreme Leader’s Office, the Hidden Nerve Center of the Islamic Republic,” United Against Nuclear Iran, February 26, 2026.

Guzansky, Yoel, “The Gulf States and a US-Iranian Confrontation,” Institute for National Security Studies, January 22, 2026.

Guzansky, Yoel, Ilan Zalayat, and Roey Peled, “The Gulf States After the Israel-Iran War: Where Do They Go From Here?” Institute for National Security Studies, July 29, 2025.

Richard Haass, “Don’t Rule Out a US-Iran Nuclear Deal Just Yet,” Ahram Online, April 25, 2025.

Hendel, Yoaz, “Iran’s Nukes and Israel’s Dilemma,” Middle East Quarterly, 19:1 (Winter 2012): 31-39.

Haji-Yousefi, Amir M., “Foreign Policy of the Islamic Republic of Iran Towards Israel, 1979-2002,” Strategic Studies, 23:1 (2003): 55-75.

Hamasaeed, Sarhang, “With Cease-fire Holding, Can Israel and Iran Move Towards De-Escalation?” United States Institute of Peace, June 25, 2025.

Herzog, Michael, “On War With Iran, a U.S.-Israeli Division of Labor?” Washington Institute for Near East Policy, February 25, 2026.

Heyer, Julia Amalia, and Thore Shröder, “A Dream for Netanyahu, a Risky Bet for Trump,” Der Spiegel, March 13, 2026.

Hitti, Nassif, “Iran’s Nuclear Program: Possible Scenarios,” Asharq Al-Awsat, March 18, 2025.

Humud, Carla, and Clayton Thomas, “Protests in Iran: Issues for Congress,” Congressional Research Service, December 15, 2022.

Inbar, Efraim, “Iran and Israel: The Inevitable War?” SIRIUS, November 27, 2020.

Kamiar, Babak, and Una Hajdari, “Empty Tables, Sanctions-Battered Currency: Why Iran’s Protests Are Different This Time,” Euronews, updated January 1, 2026.

Karsh, Efraim, “The Israel-Iran Conflict: Between Washington and Beijing,” Israel Affairs, Vol. 29, No. 6 (2023): 1075-1093.

Katiraie, Jubin, “Thirty-Eight Percent of Iran’s Oil Revenue Did Not Return to the Country From March to November 2025,” Iran Focus, January 1, 2026.

Katulis, Brian, “Six Factors Shaping Trump’s Calculus on Iran,” Middle East Institute, January 27, 2026.

Katsoulas, Sypros, “How the Twelve-Days War With Iran Tested the Strategic Alliance Between Israel, Greece, and Cyprus,” Moshe Dayan Center for Middle Eastern and African Studies, August 14, 2025.

Katz, Yaakov, “Iran Nuclear Program Hasn’t Crossed Israel’s Red Line Yet,” The Jerusalem Post, September 8, 2022.

Kaye, D.D., and S. Efron, “Israel’s Evolving Iran Policy,” Survival, 62:4 (2020): 7-30.

Kerr, Paul K., “Iran and Nuclear Weapons Production,” Congressional Research Service, June 24, 2025.

Khatinoglu, Dalga, “Can Trump Really Cut Iran’s Oil Exports to Zero?” Iran International, February 7, 2025, updated February 21, 2025.

Khatinoglu, Dalga, “The Year in Review: Iran’s Deepening Economic Crisis,” Middle East Forum, December 27, 2025.

Kholdi, Shahram, “Iran Is Muddling Through an Economic Mess but Its Luck May Run Out,” Iran International, December 11, 2025.

Kupferwasser, Yossi, “Regime Change in Tehran Is Critical for Iran and the Broader Region, and Now Is the Time,” Jerusalem Institute for Strategy and Security, February 23, 2026.

Lerman, Eran, “Even Amidst the War in Gaza, Iran’s Nuclear Project Must Remain Uppermost on Israel’s Strategic Agenda,” Jerusalem Institute for Strategy and Security, December 12, 2023.

Lerman, Eran, “What Led to the Strike Against Iran’s Nuclear Project?” The Jerusalem Strategic Tribune, June 2025.

Levitt, Matthew, “The Hamas-Iran Relationship,” Washington Institute for Near East Policy, November 2023.

Levitt, Matthew, “Ending Iran’s Nuclear Weapons Program Is Not Enough,” Washington Institute for Near East Policy, April 25, 2025.

Levy, Ido, “How Iran Fuels Hamas Terrorism,” Washington Institute for Near East Policy, June 1, 2021.

Lindenstrauss, Gallia, “Turkey Is Not Iran, but It Is a Threat,” Institute for National Security Studies, November 18, 2025.

Lob, Eric, “Iran’s Water Crisis Is a Warning to Other Countries,” Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, November 24, 2025.

Makhzoomi, Khairuldeen, “Pro-Iran Militias Are the Big Winners in Iraq’s Election,” Washington Institute for Near East Policy, November 25, 2025.

Makovsky, Michael, and John Hannah, “No More Talk: It’s Time to Destroy Iran’s Nuclear Weapons Program,” Newsweek, February 3, 2025.

Makovsky, Michael, Eric Edelman, Chuck Wald, John Hannah, and Jonathan Ruhe, “Last Best Chance: U.S. Policy for an Israeli Strike on Iran,” Jewish Institute for National Security of America, April 9, 2025.

Mansour, Hussein Aboubakr, “Why Washington Must Accept the Limits of Diplomacy With Iran,” Jerusalem Center for Security and Foreign Affairs, May 19, 2025.

Menashri, David, “Iran, Israel and the Middle East Conflict,” Israel Affairs 12:1 (2006): 107-122.

Menashri, David, “The Jews in Iran: Between the Shah and Khomeini,” in Anti-Semitism in Times of Crisis, Sander Gilman (ed.), New York University Press (1991).

Michael, Kobi, and Yoel Guzansky, “How Afghanistan Influences Hamas, PIJ, and Iran in Their Approach to Israel,” Washington Institute for Near East Policy, August 24, 2021.

Minhas, Ahmed Saeed, Farhat Konain Shujahi, and Shanzay Saeed, “Analytical Appraisal of the 2024 Iran-Israel Conflict and the Changes for Global Escalation,” Journal of Law and Social Sciences, University of Tubat, Vol. 2, No. 2 (2024).

Monroe, Brian, “Unraveling a Complex Web: A Primer on Hamas Funding Sources, Iranian Support, Global Connections, and Compliance Considerations,” Association of Certified Financial Crime Specialists, October 26, 2023.

Moshe Dayan Center, annual chapters on Iran, 1977 to 2000, in Middle East Contemporary Survey.

Motamedi, Maziar, “As the Dams Feeding Tehran Run Dry, Iran Struggles With a Dire Water Crisis” Al Jazeera, November 12, 2025.

Nadimi, Farzin, and Patrick Clawson, “Iran at a Watershed Moment? The Case for Meaningful U.S Action,” Washington Institute for Near East Policy, January 13, 2026.

Neff, Donald, “The U.S., Iraq, Israel, and Iran: Backdrop to War,” Journal of Palestine Studies 20:4 (1991): 23-41.

Nephew, Richard, “Easier Said Than Done: Renewing Maximum Pressure on Iran,” Washington Institute for Near East Policy, August 2024.

Nissimi, Hilda, “Individual Redemption and Family Commitment: The Influence of Mass Immigration to Israel on the Crypto-Jewish Women of Mashhad,” Nashim: A Journal of Jewish Women’s Studies & Gender Issues, No. 18 (2009): 39-70.

Nissimi, Hilda, “Memory, Community, and the Mashhadi Jews During the Underground Period,” Jewish Social Studies 9:3 (2003): 76-106.

Palicka, Ondrej, “When Alliances Matter: What the Israel-Iran War Reveals About Alliances Among Authoritarian States,” RAND Corp., August 22, 2025.

Parchizadeh, Reza, “Iran’s Axis of Resistance After the 12-Day War: Adaptation, Restructuring, and Reconstitution,” Middle East Institute, December 19, 2025.

Pearce, Fred, “After Ruining a Treasured Water Resource, Iran Is Drying Up,” Yale Environment 360, December 18, 2025.

Pinfold, Rob Geist, Clive Jones, and Anoushiravan Ehteshami, “Collision Course: How Iran and Israel Brought the Middle East to the Brink of War,” Global Policy, March 18, 2025.

Powell, David, “Why Israel Will Not Intervene to Overthrown the Iranian Regime,” AlArabiya, January 23, 2026.

Prayzler, Nitsan, Mora Deitch, and Raz Zimmt, “Iran From Within: Analysis of Protest Events and Regime Support,” Institute for National Security Studies, September 16, 2025.

Rabinovich, Itamar, “Iran’s Quest for Regional Hegemony,” Horizons: Journal of International Relations and Sustainable Development, No. 26 (Spring 2024): 92-101.

Rafizadeh, Majid, “Iran’s Nuclear Programme and the Possibility of Military Action,” Al Majalla, March 29, 2025.

Rajabi, Sia, “Iran’s Brain Drain Crisis: How Corruption and Repression Are Driving a Generation Away,” Iran Focus, June 12, 2025.

Rapoport, Meron, “Israel’s Euphoric ‘Victory’ Over Iran Is Quickly Giving Way to Disillusionment,” +972 Magazine, June 27, 2025.

Raydan, Noam, “How the Iran-Israel Conflict Is Affecting Gulf Energy and Maritime Security,” Washington Institute for Near East Policy, June 23, 2025.

Roman, Gregg, “The Gulf Turns: Iran’s Retaliation Unites the Arab World Against Shi’ite Axis,” Middle East Forum, February 28, 2026.

Roman, Gregg, “The Invisible Front: Iran’s Unprecedented Espionage Offensive Against Israel: How Tehran Weaponized Financial Desperation to Build a Network of Disposable Spies,” Middle East Forum, December 28, 2025.

Roman, Gregg, “Iran Strike Scenarios: Retaliation, Transition, and the Path Forward,” Middle East Forum, February 28, 2026.

Roman, Gregg, “Khamenei Is Dead. The Campaign Must Continue Root and Stem,” Middle East Forum, February 28, 2026.

Romaniuk, Scott N., Erzsébet N. Rózsa, and László Csicsmann, “Iran’s Water Crisis: A National Security Imperative,” Geopolitical Monitor, February 12, 2026.

Satloff, Robert, “A Potential ‘Interim’ Iran Nuclear Deal Sounds Great, but It Isn’t,” Washington Institute for Near East Policy, May 21, 2025.

Schanzer, Jonathan, “The Quiet War Between Israel and Iran: Iran’s Hegemonic Drive,” Middle East Quarterly, Winter 2023, Volume 30, No. 1.

Sharafedin, Bozorgmehr, “If the Islamic Republic Falls, What’s Next for Iran?” Iran International, June 23, 2025.

Sharifi, Kian, “Iran, US Dig In as Nuclear Talks Resume in Rome,” Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty, May 23, 2025.

Sharifi, Kian, “Is Military Intervention in Iran a Viable Path to Regime Change?” Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty, June 20, 2025.

Shine, Sima, “Iran’s Growing Drive to Help Hamas,” Institute for National Security Studies, November 20, 2023.

Simon, Steven, “Israeli Strike on Iran,” Council on Foreign Relations, Contingency Memorandum No. 5, 2009.

Sinaiee, Maryam, “Iran After the Crackdown: Serenity on Screens, Grief on the Streets,” Iran International, January 21, 2026.

Singh, Michael, “Trump’s Best Options on Iran: Limited Strikes and Continued Military, Economic, and Diplomatic Pressure,” Washington Institute for Near East Policy, February 25, 2026.

Stein, Kenneth, “Jimmy Carter’s Middle East Legacies,” Israel Journal of Foreign Affairs, September 2024.

Stein, Kenneth, “New Year’s 2026 Unrest in Iran and Its Context for Israel and the Middle East,” Center for Israel Education, January 2, 2026.

Stein, Kenneth, “Objectives and Conclusions: U.S.-Israel-Iran War,” Center for Israel Education, March 8, 2026.

Sternfeld, Lior, “Iranian Jews in Israel: Solidarity Protests and the Palestinian Question,” Policy Commons, December 6, 2022.

Thomas, Clayton, “Iran: Background and U.S. Policy,” Congressional Research Service, May 22, 2025.

Thomas, Clayton, “Iran-Supported Groups in the Middle East and U.S. Policy,” Congressional Research Service, September 26, 2024.

Thomas, Clayton, “Protests in Iran: Possible U.S. Responses and Issues for Congress,” Congressional Research Service, January 21, 2026.

Thomas, Clayton, “U.S. Sanctions on Iran,” Congressional Research Service, August 7, 2024.

Turani, Behrouz, “Khamenei Faces Present Crises by Recasting the Past,” Iran International, December 18, 2025.

Vakil, Sanaam, “Iran’s Regional Strategy Is Raising the Stakes of Hamas-Israel War,” Chatham House, November 10, 2023.

Van Veen, Erwin, and Hamidreza Azizi, “Playing With Fire: Patterns of Iranian-Israeli Military Confrontation,” War on the Rocks, June 25, 2024.

Vidino, Lorenzo, and Lara Burns, “How Hamas’ Early Ties With Iran Were Brokered From the US,” George Washington University, Program on Extremism, October 18, 2024.

Zimmt, Raz, “Demonstrations in Iran in Protest of the Sharp Rise in Prices of Basic Goods,” Institute for National Security Studies, May 19, 2022.

Zimmt, Raz, “Iran’s Reformists: From Failure to Sobering Realization,” Institute for National Security Studies, February 4, 2026.

Zimmt, Raz, “The Israel-Iran War: Concluded but Not Resolved,” Institute for National Security Studies, June 25, 2025.

Zimmt, Raz, “Lessons in Iran From Developments in Ukraine,” INSS Insight, No. 1973, March 20, 2025.

Zimmt, Raz, “The Need to Reexamine the Concept of the ‘Shiite Axis,’” Institute for National Security Studies, May 27, 2025.

Zimmt, Raz, “On the Road to the Third Iranian Republic,” Institute for National Security Studies, January 20, 2026.

Zohar, Michael Bar, “Ben-Gurion and the Policy of the Periphery,” in Israel in the Middle East, Itamar Rabinovich and Yehuda Reinharz (eds.), Waltham, MA, Brandeis University Press (2008): 191-197.

Books

Abrahamian, Ervand. Iran Between Two Revolutions. Princeton, NJ: University Press, 1982.

Abadi, Jacob. Israel’s Quest for Recognition and Acceptance in Asia: Garrison State Diplomacy. Oxford: Frank Cass Publishers, 2004.

Alavi, Seyed Ali. Iran and Palestine: Past, Present, Future. Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge, 2020.

Al-e Aḥmad, Jalal. The Israeli Republic. Brooklyn, NY: Restless Books, 2013.

Alpher, Yossi. Periphery: Israel’s Search for Middle East Allies. Lanham, MD: Rowman and Littlefield, 2015.

Amanat, Abbas, and Farzin Vejdani. Iran Facing Others: Identity Boundaries in a Historical Perspective. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2012.

Amanat, Mehrdad. Jewish Identities in Iran: Resistance and Conversion to Islam and the Baha’i Faith. London: I.B. Tauris, 2011.

Ansari, Ali. Iran Under Ahmadinejad: The Politics of Confrontation. Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge, 2017.

Azani, E. Hezbollah: From Revolution to Institutionalization. London: Palgrave Macmillan, 2011.

Bahgat, Gawdat. Israel and the Persian Gulf. Gainesville: University Press of Florida, 2006.

Bakhash, Shaul. The Fall of Reza Shah: The Abdication, Exile, and Death of Modern Iran’s Founder. London: I.B. Tauris, 2021.

Bergman, Ronen. The Secret War With Iran: The 30-Year Clandestine Struggle Against the World’s Most Dangerous Terrorist Power. New York: Free Press, 2008.

Black, Ian, and Benny Morris. Israel’s Secret Wars: A History of Israel’s Intelligence Services. New York: Grove Weidenfeld, 1991.

Bob, Yonah Jeremy, and Ilan Evyatar. Target Tehran: How Israel Is Using Sabotage, Cyberwarfare, Assassination — and Secret Diplomacy — to Stop a Nuclear Iran and Create a New Middle East. New York: Simon & Schuster, 2023.

Cambanis, Thanassis. A Privilege to Die: Inside Hezbollah’s Legions and Their Endless War Against Israel. New York: Free Press, 2010.

Clawson, Patrick (ed.). Iran’s Strategic Intentions and Capabilities. Tel Aviv: Institute for National Security Studies, July 2012.

Clawson, Patrick, and Michael Rubin. Eternal Iran. Palgrave Macmillan, 2005.

Eilam, Ehud. Israel’s New Wars: The Conflicts Between Israel and Iran, Hezbollah and the Palestinians Since the 1990s. New York: Peter Lang, 2024.

Eisenstadt, Michael. If Iran Gets the Bomb: Weapons, Force Posture, Strategy. Washington: Washington Institute for Near East Policy, November 2024.

Eisenstadt, Michael. The Strategic Culture of the Islamic Republic of Iran: Operational and Policy Implications. Quantico, VA: Middle East Studies, Marine Corps University, 2011.

Elling, Rasmus Christian. Minorities in Iran: Nationalism and Ethnicity After Khomeini. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2013.

Gold, Dore. The Rise of Nuclear Iran: How Tehran Defies the West. Washington: Regnery Publishing, 2009.

Gold, Dore, and Dan Diker. Iran, Hizbullah, Hamas and the Global Jihad: A New Conflict. Jerusalem: Jerusalem Center for Public Affairs, 2007.

Hovsepian-Bearce, Yvette. The Political Ideology of Ayatollah Khamenei: Out of the Mouth of the Supreme Leader of Iran. Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge, 2016.

Kaye, Dalia Dassa, Alireza Nader, and Parisa Roshan. Israel and Iran: A Dangerous Rivalry. Santa Monica, CA: RAND National Defense Research Institute, 2011.

Katz, Yaakov, and Yoaz Hendel. Israel vs. Iran: The Shadow War. Washington: Potomac Books, 2012.

Kazemi, Farhad. Poverty and Revolution in Iran: The Migrant Poor, Urban Marginality, and Politics. New York: New York University Press, 1980.

Keddie, Nikki. Modern Iran: Roots and Results of Revolution. Yale University Press, 1981 and 2003.

Koller, A.J., and Daniel Tsadik. Iran, Israel, and the Jews: Symbiosis and Conflict From the Achaemenids to the Islamic Republic. Eugene, OR: Pickwick Publications, 2019.

Levitt, Matthew. Hezbollah: The Global Footprint of Lebanon’s Party of God. Washington: Georgetown University Press, 2013.

Levy, Habib. Comprehensive History of the Jews of Iran: The Outset of the Diaspora. Costa Mesa, CA: Mazda, 1999.

Menashri, David. Iran: A Decade of War and Revolution. Holmes & Meier, 1990.

Menashri, David (ed.). The Iranian Revolution and the Muslim World. Routledge, 2019.

Mens, Jay. A War Without a Name: The Iran-Israel Relationship in Historical Perspective, Parts One and Two. Cambridge: Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs, 2024.

Milani, Abbas. The Shah. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2012.

Netzer, Amnon, and Menashe Amir. Jews, Iran, Israel: Jews Through History, Iranian Jewry & Jewish Holy Shrines in Iran. Los Angeles: Ketab, 2023.

Omer, Devora. The Teheran Operation: The Rescue of Jewish Children From the Nazis. Washington: B’nai B’rith Books, 1991.

Parsi, Trita. Treacherous Alliance: The Secret Dealings of Israel, Iran, and the United States. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2008.

Pollack, Kenneth. The Persian Puzzle. New York: Random House, 2004.

Pollack, Kenneth. Unthinkable: Iran, the Bomb, and American Strategy. New York: Simon & Schuster, 2014.

Reppa, Robert. Israel and Iran — Bilateral Relationships and Effect on the Indian Ocean Basin. New York: Praeger, 1974.

Ronen, Yaël. The Iran Nuclear Issue. Oxford: Bloomsbury Publishing, 2010.

Rubin, Barry. Paved With Good Intentions: The American Experience and Iran. Oxford University Press, 1980.

Sankari, Jamal. Fadlallah: The Making of a Radical Shi’ite Leader. London: Saqi, 2005.

Samaan, Jean-Loup. Israel’s Foreign Policy Beyond the Arab World: Engaging the Periphery. London: Routledge, 2018.

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Sarshar, Houman (ed.). Esther’s Children: A Portrait of Iranian Jews. Los Angeles: Center for Iranian Jewish Oral History, 2002.

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