Morgenthau was the U.S. secretary of the Treasury under Franklin Roosevelt and Harry Truman from 1934 to 1945. He drove the creation of the War Refugee Board in 1944 to help Jews escape the Nazis and settle in the United States, and he persuaded Truman to send a mission to assess the conditions of Jews in postwar displaced persons camps. He was a financial adviser to Israel and served on the Israel Bonds board.
Photo: U.S. National Archives and Records Administration