In January 2019, about two weeks before India’s Republic Day, Israel’s national security adviser, Meir Ben-Shabbat, flew to New Delhi and met Prime Minister Narendra Modi. While such consultations have been routine for the past two decades, the Israeli official chose the direct Air India flight from Tel Aviv, a new flight connection that could only be established because of an unprecedented permit for Israel-bound flights to fly over Saudi airspace. The small incident highlights the distance that India and Israel have traveled since the normalization of diplomatic relations in 1992.

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