Former longtime American Jewish Committee official Dr. Steven Bayme combines the framework of books by Peter Beinart and Daniel Gordis with recent survey data to gain insights into the differences between the world’s two largest Jewish communities. Running 30 minutes, this is the first half of a conversation June 16, 2021, during the 20th annual Enrichment Workshop on Modern Israel convened by CIE and the Emory Institute for the Study of Modern Israel. Look for Part 2 of the session, in which responders discuss with Bayme their thoughts about progressive politics, intersectionality, campus antisemitism, Jewish peoplehood, and the need to encourage students to wrestle with the complexities and nuances of the State of Israel.