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It calls for “recognition of the legitimate rights of the Palestinian people, a just solution to the
Palestinian problem, the right to self-determination, [and] for PLO association to the negotiations.”

After trying but not succeeding in having PLO leader Arafat and Israeli Prime Minister Barak reach an understanding at Camp David in August 2000, he offers a US view of a final status agreement near the end of his term in office.

With Israeli-Palestinian talks in a hapless state, President Clinton rejuvenates them. In the Arafat-Netanyahu agreement Israel shares Hebron, with the CIA playing a role in West Bank security.

There is a major, and unfounded, underlying assumption behinds calls for Israel to accept Hamas’s conditions: that Hamas is genuinely motivated by its responsibility for the welfare of Gazans.

Without any consultation with Jerusalem, Israel rejects US proposal for full withdrawal.

Further reinforcing the Truman Doctrine, the US President promises military or economic aid to any Middle Eastern country resisting Communist aggression.

One of four agreements Israel signed in 1949 with Arab neighbors, it does not end “state of war,” between Israel and Arab states. No treaty is signed until 1979.

The resolution states that refugees “wishing to return to their homes and live at peace (with Israel) should do so or compensation be paid…” Israel opposes the idea because it jeopardizes Israel as a majority Jewish state.

Fearing Communist penetration of the Eastern Mediterranean, Truman at the beginning of the Cold War defines the region as a sphere of US national interest.

Circumventing the existing law on prohibition of land sales to Jews, Palestinian Arabs are found selling lands regularly and furtively to Zionists.

Located in Jerusalem, the Central Zionist Archives has a vast array and amount of materials pertaining to modern Jewish history and particularly the history of modern Zionism. There are files dealing with all aspects of the modern Zionist enterprise, Zionist history in eastern and western Europe, the Middle East and elsewhere.  The files go back […]

Established in 1920, the League of Nations evolved out of the Paris Peace Conference. One of its objectives was to assist former territories evolve to self-government through Mandates. In the Middle East there were British Mandates for Palestine and Iraq  and a French Mandate for Syria/Lebanon. Annually the League reviewed the political status of each Mandate through reports […]

In the public realm, testimony given in hearings before US Congressional Senate and House committees is among the best that can be obtained. Habitually the staffs of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee and the House Foreign Affairs Committee recruit articulate and sensible practitioners and analysts. The aim is to provide legislators with informed and current […]

Just as al-Qaeda seeks the total destruction of western democracies, Hamas seeks Israel’s total demise. Since its inception in 1988, Hamas has been crystal clear about its opposition to Zionism and Israel.

  Assembled by Ken Stein, Emory University and Center for Israel Education Today in Israeli History, Center for Israel Education, https://israeled.org/israeli-history/ Elliot Abrahms, “Why Did Hamas Provoke A War?” Center for Foreign Relations Blog. July 09, 2014. http://blogs.cfr.org/abrams/2014/07/09/why-did-hamas-provoke-a-war/?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+eabrams+%28Elliott+Abrams%3A+Pressure+Points%29 Yaacov Amidor, “The War with Hamas: Decision Time Approaching.” BESA Center. July 24, 2014. http://besacenter.org/uncategorized/war-hamas-decision-time-approaching/?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=war-hamas-decision-time-approaching Benny Avni, […]

Assembled by Ken Stein, Emory University and Center for Israel Education Geoffrey Aronson, “Palestine at the Center of Israel-Turkey Trade.” Middle East Institute. June 24, 2014. http://www.mei.edu/content/article/palestine-center-israel-turkey-trade Guy Bechor, “Israel Needs Massive Fence on Eastern Border.” Ynet News. June 29, 2014. http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-4535034,00.html David Brog, “The End of Evangelical Support for Israel? The Jewish State’s International […]

As it has in the past Hamas may accept a tahdi’a or calming down of tensions, or even a temporary truce or hudna, negotiated by a third party, but for it to accept Israel as a reality is totally contrary to its ideological outlook.

Hamas has opposed all agreements and cooperation which either the PLO or the Palestinian Authority have signed with Israel. “Hamas will never recognize Israel. This is a red line that cannot be crossed.

Should the United States become centrally or peripherally involved in monitoring a cease-fire and the movement of a cease-fire into a new status-quo for Gaza, the contents of this MOU could constitute a workable outline for helping enforce calm in Gaza and on its borders.

Assembled by Ken Stein, Emory University and Center for Israel Education Today in Israeli History, Center for Israel Education, https://israeled.org/israeli-history/   Adnan Abu Amer, “Hamas’ Abu Marzouk Says Recognizing Israel a ‘red Line’” Al-Monitor. May 13, 2014. http://www.al-monitor.com/pulse/originals/2014/05/interview-abu-marzouk-hamas-israel-fatah-reconciliation.html Stephen Blank, “Russian Strategy and Policy in the Middle East.” The Israel Journal of Foreign Affairs. 2014.http://www.israelcfr.com/documents/8-2/stephen-j-blank.pdf Shlomo Brom, […]

  Assembled by Ken Stein, Emory University and Center for Israel Education Today in Israeli History, Center for Israel Education, https://israeled.org/israeli-history/   Yaacov Amidror, “Israel Cannot Accept the Emerging Accord between the US and Iran.” Begin-Sadat Center for Strategic Studies. April 24, 2014. http://besacenter.org/perspectives-papers/israel-accept-emerging-according-us-iran/?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=israel-accept-emerging-according-us-iran Benedetta Berti and Shlomo Brom, “The Erosion of the Israel-Hamas Ceasefire in Gaza.” […]

  Assembled by Ken Stein, Emory University and Center for Israel Education Today in Israeli History, Center for Israel Education, https://israeled.org/israeli-history/   Adan Abu Amer, “Hamas, Jordan Probe Possibility of Better Ties.” Al-Monitor. March 31, 2014. http://www.al-monitor.com/pulse/originals/2014/03/jordan-hamas-palestine-relations-amman.html Ibrahim Al-Amin, “Gaza Violence: Questions to the Resistance and the Enemy.” Al-Akhbar English. March 15, 2014. http://english.al-akhbar.com/content/gaza-violence-questions-resistance-and-enemy Osama Al-Sharif, “Jordan’s Muslim […]

  Assembled by Ken Stein, Emory University and Center for Israel Education Today in Israeli History, Center for Israel Education, https://israeled.org/israeli-history/   Kamel Abdallah, “Despite Election, Libya Unravels.” Al-Ahram. February 27, 2014. http://weekly.ahram.org.eg/News/5561/19/Despite-elections,-Libya-unravels.aspx Dario Andrea Dessi, and Wolfgang Mühlberger. “Africa and the Mediterranean. Evolving Security Dynamics after the Arab Uprisings.” Insituto Affari Internazionali. February 28, 2014. http://www.iai.it/sites/default/files/Mediterranean-paper_25.pdf Benedetta […]

  Assembled by Ken Stein, Emory University and Center for Israel Education Today in Israeli History, Center for Israel Education, https://israeled.org/israeli-history/   Muriel Asseburg and Heiko Wimmen. “Geneva II – A Chance to Contain the Syrian Civil War.”  – SWP. N.p., 10 Jan. 2014. Web. 04 Feb. 2014. http://www.swp-berlin.org/en/publications/swp-comments-en/swp-aktuelle-details/article/geneva_ii_a_chance_to_contain_the_syrian_civil_war.html Bendetta Berti. “Between Paralysis and Fatigue: The “Geneva 2” […]

  Assembled by Ken Stein, Emory University and Center for Israel Education Today in Israeli History, Center for Israel Education, https://israeled.org/israeli-history/   Khalil Al-Anani. “A Q&A on Egypt’s New Draft Constitution.” Middle East Institute. December 04, 2013.http://www.mei.edu/content/qa-egypts-new-draft-constitution Aymenn Jawal Al-Tamimi. “The Syrian Rebel Groups Pulling in Foreign Fighters.” Meforum.org. December 24, 2013.http://www.meforum.org/3702/syria-foreign-fighters Yaniv Avraham. “Is Turkey […]

Assembled by Ken Stein, Emory University and Center for Israel Education Today in Israeli History, Center for Israel Education, https://israeled.org/israeli-history/ Ephraim Asculai. “The IAEA-Iran Agreement: A Palliative?” INSS Insight. November 14, 2013.http://www.inss.org.il/index.aspx?id=4538. Filippo Dionigi. “Hezbollah’s New and Old Wars: From Ideological Struggle to Fight for Survival?” Insituto Affari Internazionali. November 6, 2013. http://www.iai.it/sites/default/files/Op-Med_21.pdf. Michael Doran. “The Hidden […]

Britain and France secretly divide the Arab provinces of the former Ottoman Empire to meet their own geopolitical interests; no concern offered to political aspirations of indigenous populations.

  Assembled by Ken Stein, Emory University and Center for Israel Education Today in Israeli History, Center for Israel Education, https://israeled.org/israeli-history/   Muriel Assenburg. “The Arab Spring and the Islamic Republic of Iran: Islamist Vision Meets Political Reality.” Swp-berlin.org. February 2012. http://www.swp-berlin.org/fileadmin/contents/products/research_papers/2012_RP06_ass.pdf#page=39. Muriel Assenburg. “Protest, Revolt, and Regime Change in the Arab World, Actors, Challenges, Implicationss […]

Many recollections remain from the Egyptian-Syrian surprise attack on Israel on Yom Kippur in 1973. The war set in motion a diplomatic process that eventually culminated in the 1979 Egyptian-Israeli Peace Treaty.

  Assembled by Ken Stein, Emory University and Center for Israel Education Today in Israeli History, Center for Israel Education, https://israeled.org/israeli-history/   Shavrit Baruch, Panina Weinstock, and Brandon Weinstock. “Military Intervention in Syria: Is It Legal?” INSS Insight. September 11, 2013. http://www.inss.org.il/index.aspx?id=4538&articleid=5589. Patrick Clawson. “Stalemate’s End?” Washington Institute for Near East Policy. September 19, 2013. http://www.washingtoninstitute.org/policy-analysis/view/stalemates-end. […]