Aharon Barak, 1936-CIE+
Lithuania-born Barak was a 28-year Supreme Court justice who served as the president of the court from 1995 to 2006. He lifted restrictions on individual petitions to the court and strengthened the judiciary’s authority to…
Menachem Begin, 1913-1992CIE+
Born in Belarus, Begin joined the Revisionist Betar movement and escaped Nazis and Soviets to reach Palestine. He led the Irgun, then spent three decades in the political opposition, including arguing against German reparations. In…
Anwar Sadat, 1918-1981CIE+
Sadat was elevated from Egypt’s vice president to president after Gamal Abdel Nasser died in 1970. With Syria, he launched the October 1973 war against Israel. He flew to Israel four years later in pursuit…
Shimon Shamir, 1933-CIE+
Shimon Shamir was Israel’s first ambassador to Jordan and its second to Egypt. A scholar of the Middle East, he is a professor emeritus in the faculty of humanities at Tel Aviv University. He was…
