Cards List
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U.N. and Israel
<span class="cie-plus-title">Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA) — Containing Iran’s Access to Nuclear Weapons, 2015</span><span class="cie-plus-badge">CIE+</span>

Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA) — Containing Iran’s Access to Nuclear Weapons, 2015CIE+

Under the deal between Iran and five world powers, Iran agreed to dismantle much of its nuclear program in exchange for billions of dollars of sanctions relief. Israel called the deal too lenient. On May 8, 2018, President Trump withdrew the U.S. from the JCPOA, calling it one of the “worst and most one-sided” agreements in U.S. history. Israel’s objectives in attacking Iran in June 2025 focused on the same central features Israel argued a decade earlier were not sufficiently addressed in the JCPOA.

Documents and Sources|July 14, 2015|Spanish
<span class="cie-plus-title">Ken Stein, “The U.S. Role in Palestinian Self-Determination”</span><span class="cie-plus-badge">CIE+</span>

Ken Stein, “The U.S. Role in Palestinian Self-Determination”CIE+

Many in the Arab world and amongst Palestinian leaders believe that, for the sake of evenhandedness and justice, the U.S. government, a longtime supporter of Israel’s security and existence, should have openly endorsed and urged others to vote for the proposition of Palestinian state recognition at the United Nations. Criticism of the U.S. failing to do so has been harsh, but it is also without perspective or historical context. What is forgotten is the persistent, even aggressive, perhaps unprecedented role that Washington has played in pushing for Palestinian rights, self-determination and, most recently, for Palestinian statehood.

Issues and Analyses, Ken's Blog|Fall 2011
<span class="cie-plus-title">Jeane Kirkpatrick, 1926-2006</span><span class="cie-plus-badge">CIE+</span>

Jeane Kirkpatrick, 1926-2006CIE+

Kirkpatrick was the U.S. ambassador to the United Nations under President Ronald Reagan. She built a close relationship with Israeli Ambassador Yehuda Blum and was as staunch in her support of Israel as she was…

Biographies|1926-2006
<span class="cie-plus-title">Map of Lebanon, 2006</span><span class="cie-plus-badge">CIE+</span>

Map of Lebanon, 2006CIE+

The map includes the Israeli border and the Litani River, which is about 18 miles north of the Israeli-Lebanese border and runs roughly parallel to it. U.N. Security Council Resolution 1701 from 2006 calls for…

Maps of Israel|2006
<span class="cie-plus-title">Daniel Patrick Moynihan, 1927-2003</span><span class="cie-plus-badge">CIE+</span>

Daniel Patrick Moynihan, 1927-2003CIE+

Moynihan was the U.S. ambassador to the United Nations in 1975 when the U.N. General Assembly passed Resolution 3379, equating Zionism with racism. He delivered a passionate speech lambasting the resolution and its supporters and…

Biographies|1927-2003
<span class="cie-plus-title">Abba Eban, 1915-2002</span><span class="cie-plus-badge">CIE+</span>

Abba Eban, 1915-2002CIE+

A native of Cape Town, South Africa, who was raised in England and made aliyah in 1944, Eban was a diplomat, politician and writer. With the Jewish Agency’s U.N. delegation, he was heavily involved in…

Biographies|1915-2002
<span class="cie-plus-title">Mitchell Report, 2001</span><span class="cie-plus-badge">CIE+</span>

Mitchell Report, 2001CIE+

In the midst of severe Palestinian-Israeli clashes, a committee led by former U.S. Sen. George Mitchell concludes, as had many previous investigations, that the two communities fear and want to live separately from each other. From the report flows the EU-U.N.-U.S. commitment to a two-state solution suggested in the 2003 Roadmap for Peace.

Documents and Sources|May 8, 2001
<span class="cie-plus-title">Eliahu Elath, 1903-1990</span><span class="cie-plus-badge">CIE+</span>

Eliahu Elath, 1903-1990CIE+

A Ukraine-born journalist, politician and diplomat, Elath arrived in the Land of Israel in 1924, joined the Jewish Agency in 1934, and became Israel’s first ambassador to the United States and, when the diplomatic post…

Biographies|1903-1990
<span class="cie-plus-title">Arthur Goldberg, 1908-1990</span><span class="cie-plus-badge">CIE+</span>

Arthur Goldberg, 1908-1990CIE+

Goldberg resigned as a U.S. Supreme Court justice in 1965 to serve as the U.S. ambassador to the United Nations. He drafted the text of U.N. Security Council Resolution 242, the basis of all “land…

Biographies|1908-1990
<span class="cie-plus-title">U.N. Security Council Resolution 465 on Jerusalem, Settlements and Territories, 1980</span><span class="cie-plus-badge">CIE+</span>

U.N. Security Council Resolution 465 on Jerusalem, Settlements and Territories, 1980CIE+

Showing its public opposition to Israeli actions in the lands taken in the June 1967 war, an area that the Carter Administration
wanted reserved for Palestinian self-rule, it ‘strongly deplores’ Israel’s settlement policies. Passage of the resolution three weeks
prior to the New York and Connecticut presidential primaries, cause many Jewish voters to vote in favor of Ted Kennedy
and not for Carter, helping to splinter the Democratic Party.

Documents and Sources|March 1, 1980
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