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2020-Abraham Accords-Present
French President Macron’s U.N. Address on a Two-State Solution, September 2025

French President Macron’s U.N. Address on a Two-State Solution, September 2025

President Macron’s speech links the end of Hamas-Israeli conflict to the evolution of a of two-state solution. He acknowledges that Israel has the power to end the war and evolve a Palestinian state, asserting that if Israel does neither to the satisfaction of France and her European partners, Israel could pay an undisclosed price. He offers no such penalties to be placed on the PA for its failure to meet its commitments. Once again the Palestinian Arab national movement uses the international community to pressure Israel into concessions. On the same day, Israeli
Prime Minister Netanyahu emphatically rejects the establishment of a Palestinian state west of the Jordan River. The Israeli
parliament in June 2004 rejected any unilateral recognition of a Palestinian state by a 68-9 vote.

Documents and Sources|September 22, 2025
Photo Gallery: 20 Israeli Hostages Come Home

Photo Gallery: 20 Israeli Hostages Come Home

October 13, 2025 The final 20 living Israeli hostages held by Hamas and other Palestinians in Gaza were released October 13, 2025, under the peace plan proposed by President Donald Trump and accepted by Israel…

Images|October 13, 2025
President Trump’s Executive Order Promising U.S. Protection for Qatar, 2025

President Trump’s Executive Order Promising U.S. Protection for Qatar, 2025

President Trump issued a presidential order placing Qatar under the military protection of the United States. He did not submit his policy for U.S. Senate ratification, as would be necessary for the staying power of a treaty. The U.S. had never offered such protection to an Arab country, let alone one that sits across the Persian Gulf from Iran. The action was viewed as a direct response to Israel’s intrusion into Qatar’s sovereignty three weeks earlier in a failed attack on Hamas leaders in Doha. But the order might have been a step toward including Qatar in the Abraham Accords. And Qatar is potentially a key funder in rebuilding the Gaza Strip.

Documents and Sources|September 29, 2025
U.N. New York Declaration on the Two-State Solution, July 2025

U.N. New York Declaration on the Two-State Solution, July 2025

Seized by the severity of the Gaza war and nonmovement on a Palestinian-Israeli negotiating process, the U.N. offers a diplomatic road map to end the war and start negotiations. Led by France and Saudi Arabia, it asserts PA primacy as the legitimate Palestinian political representative, addresses possible Palestinian governance reform, seeks to empower a sovereign and economically viable state of Palestine living side by side in security with Israel, and contains other vague PA promises. Israel and the U.S. reject the Declaration. The Israeli government refuses to have outside parties determine the outlines or pace of negotiations with any country because negotiations impact Israeli security today and tomorrow.

Documents and Sources|July 29, 2025
Bibliography — Jerusalem

Bibliography — Jerusalem

June 2025 CIE has compiled the following list of books and articles, including some available on our website, to guide understanding of Israel’s capital, the holy city of Jerusalem. Books Adelman, Madelaine, and Miriam Fendius…

Bibliographies|June 2025
Letter From PA President Mahmoud Abbas to French President Emmanuel Macron, June 2025

Letter From PA President Mahmoud Abbas to French President Emmanuel Macron, June 2025

PA President Abbas makes requests and gives promises to the French president for the establishment of a Palestinian
state. His commitments were not negotiated with Israel. They are meant to seek support for the end of the Gaza war,
the affirmation of Abbas and the PA as the sole Palestinian political address, and international support for a Palestinian state.
As in the past, the PA and Abbas seek international support to pressure Israel into undesirable political actions.

Documents and Sources|June 12, 2025
Emergency Arab League Communique — Declaration on Gaza and the Palestinians, March 2025

Emergency Arab League Communique — Declaration on Gaza and the Palestinians, March 2025

Meeting in Cairo in early March 2025, the Arab League of States endorsed an Egyptian plan for the reconstruction of Gaza that was, above all else, a cleverly worded statement. The contents did not break new diplomatic ground and made no mention of Hamas or its political future. As a consensus document, it aimed at satisfying as many Arab interests and foreign ears as possible.

Documents and Sources|March 4, 2025
Jordan’s Abdullah Sees Middle East “Finish Line” From Trump White House, 2025

Jordan’s Abdullah Sees Middle East “Finish Line” From Trump White House, 2025

Abdullah II remains studiously noncommittal in support of Donald Trump’s idea for the U.S. to take over the Gaza Strip, rebuild it and relocate its Palestinian residents to other countries. With Jordan’s strong economic, strategic and defense ties to Washington, no one expected the king to be effusive for Trump’s suggestions for Gaza’s future. Jordan lacks the economic and demographic absorptive capacities and the political interest to take another wave of Palestinians into its territory.

Documents and Sources|February 11, 2025
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