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U.N. and Israel
<span class="cie-plus-title">U.N. Security Council Resolution 465 on Jerusalem, Settlements and Territories, 1980</span><span class="cie-plus-badge">CIE+</span>

U.N. Security Council Resolution 465 on Jerusalem, Settlements and Territories, 1980CIE+

Showing its public opposition to Israeli actions in the lands taken in the June 1967 war, an area that the Carter Administration
wanted reserved for Palestinian self-rule, it ‘strongly deplores’ Israel’s settlement policies. Passage of the resolution three weeks
prior to the New York and Connecticut presidential primaries, cause many Jewish voters to vote in favor of Ted Kennedy
and not for Carter, helping to splinter the Democratic Party.

Documents and Sources|March 1, 1980
<span class="cie-plus-title">U.N. Security Council Resolution 338 on a Cease-Fire and Direct Negotiations After October 1973 War</span><span class="cie-plus-badge">CIE+</span>

U.N. Security Council Resolution 338 on a Cease-Fire and Direct Negotiations After October 1973 WarCIE+

The October 1973 war broke the logjam over whether diplomacy could unfold to kick off Arab-Israeli negotiations. Sadat used the 1973 war as an engine to harness American horsepower. In that he succeeded because U.S. Secretary of State Kissinger saw Sadat’s leaning to Washington not only as a chance to begin useful negotiations, but also of great significance to weaning the Egyptian president away from Moscow.

Documents and Sources|October 22, 1973
<span class="cie-plus-title">The 1973 October War — A Short History</span><span class="cie-plus-badge">CIE+</span>

The 1973 October War — A Short HistoryCIE+

Egyptian President Sadat colluded with Syrian President Assad to attack Israel on October 6, 1973. Sadat’s objective was not to seek Israel’s destruction but to gain a limited success by crossing the canal. He also sought to engage American diplomacy to generate talks with Israel that would see Israeli withdrawal from Egyptian land Israel secured in the June 1967 War. Sadat took a large gamble by attacking Israel yet he unfolded a negotiating process with Israel that lasted through 1979. He achieved his overarching long-term priority of having Egyptian Sinai returned to Egyptian sovereignty.

Issues and Analyses, Ken's Blog|October 1973|Spanish
1951 U.N. Report, “The Situation of Jews in Moslem Countries”

1951 U.N. Report, “The Situation of Jews in Moslem Countries”

This report submitted to the United Nations at the end of 1951 notes that “some one million Jews have become the victims of accelerated antiSemitism” since 1948 in the Muslim countries of the Arab League and North Africa, “communities which have existed for thousands of years.” The report analyzes the situation for Jews overall and explains restrictions and oppressive measures country by country.

Documents and Sources|December 1951
<span class="cie-plus-title">Map of Israel’s Armistice Lines, 1949-1967</span><span class="cie-plus-badge">CIE+</span>

Map of Israel’s Armistice Lines, 1949-1967CIE+

In the aftermath of the 1948 War of Independence, Israel signed armistice agreements with Egypt, Jordan, Syria, and Lebanon. These armistice lines lasted until the immediate aftermath of the June 1967 War. Israel has 1068 kilometers in land borders. Egypt 208 km, Gaza Strip 59 km, Jordan 307 km, Lebanon 81 km, Syria 83 km, and the West Bank 330 km; its Mediterranean coastline 273 km. CIA The World Factbook – Israel

Maps of Israel|1949-1967
<span class="cie-plus-title">Explainer: The Arab-Israel War of 1948 — A Short History</span><span class="cie-plus-badge">CIE+</span>

Explainer: The Arab-Israel War of 1948 — A Short HistoryCIE+

Otherwise known as Israel’s War of Independence, or, “the nakbah” or disaster to the Arab world because a Jewish state was established, the war was fought between the newly established Jewish state of Israel opposed by Palestinian irregulars, and armies from five Arab states. Official beginning of the war is usually given as May 14, 1948, the date Israel declared itself an independent Jewish state, but the war’s first of four phases began in November 1947. Lasting for two years, the war ended with armistice agreements signed in 1949 between Israel and four Arab states.

Explainer Articles, Ken's Blog|May 1948-March 1949|Spanish|Polish|German
<span class="cie-plus-title">Great Britain — Palestine: Termination of the Mandate, 1948</span><span class="cie-plus-badge">CIE+</span>

Great Britain — Palestine: Termination of the Mandate, 1948CIE+

This 10-page report, written by the British Colonial and Foreign Office, along with the 1937 Peel (Royal) Commission Report, is one of the two best summaries of the British presence in Palestine.  Both are substantial in terms of content, detail and analyses; both were written from Britain’s perspective. Read these along with 1931 Census for Palestine to have a fuller grasp of the politics and the populations that shaped Britain’s Palestine’s administration from 1918-1948

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Documents and Sources|May 15, 1948|Spanish
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