Land
The land issue originated and resides as one of the core issues in the Zionist-Palestinian conflict. There are two parts to the land issue. First, how those lands that were formerly under the control of the Ottoman Empire were allocated at the end of World War I. That is, who divided it up, who was promised what, who or did not receive what, and who governed it. What seems apparent from the 1939 British document is that Palestine was to be excluded from the independent area set aside for Arab independence after WWI; and, that Zionists acquired land to form a bare nucleus for a state by 1939. Arabs willingly sold land to Zionists from the 1890s through 1948. The evidence provided from Arabic newspapers, British, and Zionist sources show a regular stream of Arab, not merely Arabs who lived outside of Palestine, but Arabs resident in Palestine who sold to Jewish buyers.
Note to User: Without equal, the most comprehensive portrayals and explanations of the land regime in the area of Palestine and Greater Syria during Ottoman times may be found in a dozen or so scholarly works in French and German, published in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. They all reveal the social hierarchies, economic setbacks, retrogressive methods in agricultural production, and protracted peasant impoverishment that characterized rural life before World War I in the sanjaks of Nablus, Acre, in the independent administrative area in Jerusalem and the area of Greater Syria. These studies are qualitatively superior because they are based on rigorous scientific research; they are fully non-polemical works. These are noted below in a special books section, and are note here so that the interested researched comes across them: Auhagen, Bonne, Cuinet, Endres, Fischer, Granovsky. Latron, Ruppin, Schulman and Weulersse.
Aaronsohn, Ran. Rothschild and Early Jewish Colonization, Boston, Rowman and Littlefield, 2000.
Bar-Gal, Yoram. Propaganda And Zionist Education The Jewish National Fund 1924-1947. Rochester: University of Rochester, 2003.
Bein, Alex. The Return to the Soil. Jerusalem, 1952.
Ben-Artzi, Yossi. Early Jewish Settlement Patterns in Palestine, 1882-1914. Jerusalem: Magnes Press, 1997.
Cohen, Hillel. Army of Shadows: Palestinian Collaboration with Zionism, 1917-1948, University of California Press, 2009.
Engel Tuten, Eric. Between Capital and Land, The Jewish National Fund’s finances and land-purchase priorities in Palestine, 1939-1947. New York: Routledge Curzon, 2005.
Fisher, Stanley. Ottoman Land Laws. Oxford, 1919.
Goadby, Frederic M., and Doukhan, Moses I. The Land Law of Palestine. Tel Aviv, 1935.
Granott (Granovsky), Abraham. Agrarian Reform and the Record of Israel. London, 1956.
Granovksy, Abraham. Land and the Jewish Reconstruction in Palestine. Jerusalem, 1931.
Granovksy, Abraham. The Land Issue in Palestine. Jerusalem, 1936.
Granovksy, Abraham. Land Policy in Palestine. New York, 1940.
Granovksy, Abraham. Land Problems in Palestine, Routledge, 1926.
Granott, Abraham. Land policy in Palestine: Rise of Jewish nationalism and the Middle East, Westport, Connecticut: Hyperion Press, 1940.
Granovksy, Abraham. The Land System in Palestine: History and Structures. London, 1952.
Granovksy, Abraham. Towards an Economic Jewish Agriculture in Palestine. Tel Aviv, 1927.
Grant, Elihu. The Peasantry of Palestine. Boston, 1907.
Grant, Elihu. The People of Palestine. London, 1921.
Grief, Howard. The Legal Foundation and Borders of Israel under International Law a Treaise on Jewish Sovereignty over the Land of Israel. Jerusalem: Mazo Publ., 2008.
Grossman, David, and Marcia Grossman. Rural Arab Demography and Early Jewish Settlement in Palestine: Distribution and Population Density during the Late Ottoman and Early Mandate Periods. New Brunswick, US: Transaction, 2010.
Hankin, Joshua (Yehoshua). Ideas on Jewish Colonization in Palestine. Jerusalem, 1940.
Holzman-Gazit, Yifat. Land Expropriation in Israel: Law, Culture and Society. Oxon: Routledge, 2016.
Katz, Yosef. The Land Shall Not Be Sold in Perpetuity: The Jewish National Fund and the History of State Ownership of Land in Israel. Berlin: De Gruyter, 2016.
Katz, Yossi. The Battle for the land: the History of the Jewish National Fund (KKL) before the establishment of the state of Israel. Jerusalem: Magnes Press, 2005.
Katz, Yossi. Between Jerusalem and Hebron: Jewish Settlement in the Pre-State Period. Ramat-Gan: Bar-Ilan University Press.
Katz, Yossi. Private Entrepreneurship in the Jewish Settlement of Palestine, 1900-1914. Jerusalem, Magnes Press, 1994.
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Stein, Kenneth W. The Land Question in Palestine, 1917-1939, University of North Carolina Press, 1984, reprinted 2003.
Tute, R.C. The Ottoman Land Laws with a Commentary. Jerusalem, 1927.
Tuten, Eric. Between Capital and Land: the Jewish National Fund’s finances and land-purchase priorities in Palestine, 1939-45, 2005.
Tuten, Eric Engel. Between Capital and Land: The Jewish National Fund’s Finances and Land-purchase Priorities in Palestine 1939-1945. Routledge, 2016.
Tyler, Warwick P.N. State Lands and Rural Development in Mandatory Palestine, 1920-1948, Portland, Sussex, 2001.
Warriner, Doreen. Land and Poverty in the Middle East. New York, 1948.
Wilson, Reverend C.T. Peasant Life in the Holy Land. London, 1906.
Note: Without equal, the most comprehensive portrayals and explanations of the land regime in the area of Palestine and Greater Syria during Ottoman times may be found in a dozen or so scholarly works in French and German, published in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. They all reveal the social hierarchies, economic setbacks, retrogressive methods in agricultural production, and protracted peasant impoverishment that characterized rural life before World War I in the sanjaks of Nablus, Acre, in the independent administrative area in Jerusalem and the area of Greater Syria. These studies are qualitatively superior because they are based on rigorous scientific research; they are fully non-polemical works. These are noted below in a special books section, and are note here so that the interested researched comes across them: Auhagen, Bonne, Cuinet, Endres, Fischer, Granovsky. Latron, Ruppin, Schulman and Weulersse.
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