This bibliography covers the period from 1987 forward. Entries have been curated by our staff. Entires deal with Hamas as a political alternative to the PLO, a short prose of its history in multiple languages, Hamas leadership statements calling for Israel’s elimination and opinion by Arab writers condemning Hamas. We have included reputable surveys of Palestinian public opinion , Israeli opinions from the Israel Democracy Institute, and the American Jewish Committee Surveys. For user advantages, we have curated two or three articles a month each with an annotated review. All entries are logged by date, beginning with most recent. CIE produced materials are at the head of the collection. CIE’s, thirty-six webinars on the Hamas-Israel War are listed at the end of the compilation and on the website here; each runs 45 minutes in length, with both audio and visual versions. Some eighty experts, scholars, writers, and analysts were interviewed on the webinars; each provides an insightful assessment about Israel and the war from regional and international perspectives. Learners, researchers, clergy, teachers and others could use the webinars as starting points for discussions.
Ken Stein and Scott Abramson, July 11, 2024
“A Short History of Hamas” (Espanol), (Portuguese) Center for Israel Education, October 28, 2023.
“Hamas Charter Totally rejects Israel and Zionism,- 1988,” (Espanol), Center for Israel Education, October 23, 2023.
“Jimmy Carter’s Hamas Decade of Embrace,” Center for Israel Education, October 29, 2023.
“International Voices Urging the Recognition of Hamas as a Legitimate Political Actor,” Center for Israel Education, October 30, 2023.
“Quotations from Hamas Sources Expressing Hatred for Zionism, Israel, and Jews, 1988-Present,” (Espanol) (Portuguese), Center for Israel Education, June 4, 2024.
Timeline Hamas-Israel Relations with events, statements, and previous clashers, 1988 – Present, Center for Israel Education, June 2024.
Annotated articles May 2024
Israel’s conceptual and operational mistakes leading up to October 7; the evolution of American Jewry’s response to the Hamas massacre and the war; the folly of expecting Hezbollah to agree to disarm.
Amir Oren, “Gaza-lighting: How Israel’s Weakest Foe Became its Worst Enemy,” Jerusalem Strategic Tribune, May 2024, https://jstribune.com/oren-gaza-lighting/
This essay by Amir Oren, a celebrated Israeli journalist who writes on security and intelligence affairs, is an extended response to a question he asks at the outset: “How could it happen that Israel’s weakest enemy turned out to be its most lethal?” His short answer: “a grave failure of imagination.” Oren details what he calls Israeli “self-deception,” the complacent view that Hamas was a mere “nuisance” and a deterred one at that. This miscalculation relaxed Israeli vigilance, leaving the Gaza Envelope poorly defended. With Israel’s underbelly exposed, Hamas was able to succeed “beyond Sinwar’s wildest dreams” by “go[ing] al-out.” Moving from a conceptual to an operational analysis, Oren then observes that once the era of conventional warfare between states had ended, Israel allowed itself to go from being the formidable “air-and-armor lightning military machine of 1967” to becoming a glorified police force–”a constabulary, an occupying force fighting terror and guarding settlements and roads.” A military focused on guard duty and counterinsurgency, in other words, is not one prepared for confrontations like the Second Lebanon War, let alone Swords of Iron.
David Schenker, “An Israel-Lebanon Agreement May Not Be Worth the Costs,” WINEP PolicyWatch 3868, May 14, 2024 https://www.washingtoninstitute.org/policy-analysis/israel-lebanon-agreement-may-not-be-worth-costs
Veteran Middle East watcher and former Assistant Secretary of State for Near Eastern Affairs, David Schenker turns our attention to the northern front in the current war, as he examines the prospects and the wisdom of an Israel-Lebanon agreement. Such an agreement, which the Biden administration has been pressing for, would theoretically end the hostilities between Israel and Hezbollah. Whether such an agreement is possible, however, is another matter. Schenker, for his part, elaborates his view that an Israel-Hezbollah agreement is neither possible nor desirable, as Hezbollah would not accept non-belligerency with Israel. The agreement under discussion is based on UN Security Council Resolution 1701, the UN resolution that ended the 2006 Second Lebanon War but did not end, as it quixotically attempted to, the Israel-Hezbollah conflict. Intended to correct the defects of Resolution 1701, the proposed agreement would “redeploy Hezbollah’s Radwan special forces seven to ten kilometers north of the border, close to but not necessarily beyond the Litani River” and station “15,000 troops from the Lebanese Armed Forces (LAF) along the frontier.” There are several other provisions of the proposed agreement, but the foregoing is, arguably, its two most ambitious clauses. As expected, the draft agreement did not find a favorable reception on the Lebanese side. The obvious reason that Hezbollah is averse to such an agreement is that it contradicts its “articulated raison d’etre [of] fighting the Israeli ‘occupation’ of Lebanon.” Schenker speculates that Hezbollah will try to take advantage of the American push for an agreement by extracting concessions, most notably the installation of a Hezbollah ally as Lebanon’s next president. Thus, Hezbollah will win concessions without making any itself: “Hezbollah will not adhere to any deal Beirut reaches with Washington and Paris. The lesson from 2008 is that the group will pocket whichever provisions benefit its position at home and the interests of its sponsors in Iran while disregarding the rest.”
Steven Windmueller, “In the Wake of October 7: Reflections on the American Jewish Community,” Jerusalem Center for Public Affairs, May 20, 2024 https://jcpa.org/in-the-wake-of-october-7-reflections-on-the-american-jewish-community/
In this study, Steven Windmueller, an expert on “Jewish communal studies,” analyzes the response of American Jews to October 7 and the war Hamas launched. He begins by asserting that history will remember October 7 as a turning point in Jewish-American experience, “a new moment in time for Jews in this country.” The Hamas massacre, he explains, has brought about “seismic shifts” in the world’s second-largest Jewish community, shifts that have transformed American Jews’ “relationship to Israel,” their “political alliances,” and “their way of being Jewish in a world that feels scarier, lonelier, and, in some surprising ways, more Jewish than ever.”
He then offers a periodization of American Jewry’s response, discerning four distinct phases, each defined by an emotional state or a collective action: 1) Trauma and shock (the first several weeks following October 7); 2) Mobilization and unity (culminating with the demonstration in Washington on November 14); 3) questions and challenges (since the Ceasefire, November 23-30); 4) uncertainty and concern (some of the glue of unity is now coming undone as the possibility of a wider war may be on the horizon). While Windmueller identifies many challenges facing American Jewry (e.g., the surge of antisemitism, campus protests, DEI demonization of Jews), he also sees opportunities for American Jews to strengthen their community. He notes that October 7 has prompted “significant numbers of non-affiliated and disaffected Jews [to] seek to reconnect with the Jewish people.” He asks, rhetorically, “Are we prepared to embrace these individuals?”
April 2024
Deterring Iran, the false equivalence between today’s campus protests and those in 1968, and Israeli public opinion on whether officials responsible for failures related to October 7 should resign.
Michael Eisenstadt, “Denial or Punishment? The U.S.-Israel Debate About How Best to Deter Iran,” WINEP PolicyWatch 3863, April 26, 2024,
In this analysis, the eminent military analyst Michael Eisenstadt considers the best means of deterring Iran. He proposes a combination of “denial” and “punishment,” defining the two concepts as follows: “Denial works by convincing the adversary that it will be thwarted, punishment by convincing the adversary that it will incur unacceptable costs.” Marshaling a number of precedents dating as far back as 1987, Eisenstadt persuasively shows that Iranian aggression is halted only when it meets with forceful retaliation or a credible threat thereof. He observes that “U.S. attempts to deter by denial have often yielded to deterrence by punishment, as restraint frequently emboldened Tehran; by practicing both denial and punishment, Washington might more effectively deter and contain Iran.” He further notes–again citing history–that American concerns of escalation are misplaced: “The United States and Israel have sparred with Iran for decades without sparking an “all-out regional war.” The dual deterrent strategy he advocates should be jointly pursued by the U.S., Israel, and the coalition of Iran’s Arab adversaries: “U.S. policymakers will need to overcome their debilitating caution and avoid disclosing Israeli activities that the latter has not acknowledged; Arab policymakers should be strongly encouraged to stay the course regarding their participation in the regional air and missile defense architecture created by CENTCOM; and Israeli policymakers will need to act with greater prudence to avoid provocative moves that could stoke U.S. fears of escalation and undermine its support for a more risk-acceptant deterrence strategy.”
Michael Oren, “A Page from the 1968 Playbook?” Clarity, April 28, 2024,
Michael Oren, the celebrated Middle East historian and former Israeli ambassador to the United States, tests the accuracy of the oft-heard comparison of today’s campus protests with their antecedents in 1968. Oren contends that the comparison is facile, observing, “In multiple ways, the current unrest differs fundamentally from that of the 1960s. In fact, they could not be more different.” In the first place, the demonstrators in 1968 were anti-war, opposed to the tragic American misadventure in Vietnam, whereas the demonstrators of today are bloodthirsty militarists, as their sloganeering makes clear: “Globalize the intifada” and “Burn Tel Aviv to the Ground.” The 1968 and 2023-24 demonstrators’ orientation toward racism is another salient difference. If the 1968 demonstrations were “about tolerance and love, today’s demonstrations are about racism and hatred.” The taunts directed at Jews by today’s demonstrators–”Go back to Poland,” for instance–cannot be understood other than as racist. Moving from the message to the messengers, Oren observes that in 1968, a great many of the demonstrators, not least the leaders themselves, were Jewish. In today’s demonstrations, in contrast, Jews are notably few. Oren does discern one signal similarity between the demonstrations of these two different eras: “The primary objective of both was, and remains, the radical alteration of American policy. Fifty-six years ago, they succeeded.” Whether today’s demonstrators will also succeed remains to be determined.
Tamar Hermann, Lior Yohanani, and Yaron Kaplan, “Israelis Say the Time Has Come for Those Responsible for October 7 to Step Down,” Israel Democracy Institute, April 21, 2024
https://en.idi.org.il/articles/53666
In a recent survey, the Israel Democracy Institute probed Israeli public opinion on government responsibility for the failure to avert the October 7 massacre. The telephonic survey sounded out 514 respondents and found that a majority of Israelis believe that “those responsible for the failure of October 7” should resign without further delay: 58% of Jews and 81% of Arabs. Not as many Israelis, however, regard the holding early elections as a matter of similar urgency. Fifty-one percent of Israelis “agree that elections should be held before the end of 2024”: 68% of Arabs, 47% of Jews. Unsurprisingly, the Israeli right is not as impatient for early elections as the political center and left.
March 2024
Hamas falsifies casualty figures, Israel sets a new standard in urban warfare, and Hezbollah uses increasingly advanced weaponry, suggesting an uptick toward a larger Israel-Hezbollah conflict pending.
Gabriel Epstein, “Gaza Fatality Data Has Become Completely Unreliable,” WINEP
PolicyWatch 3851, March 26, 2024, https://www.washingtoninstitute.org/policy-analysis/gaza-fatality-data-has-become-completely-unreliable
In this study of Hamas’s casualty figures, Gabriel Epstein, an analyst at the Washington Institute for Near East Policy, astutely unpacks the methodology behind Hamas’s tally of war dead. He notes that in the first month of the war, Hamas relied on its usual collection system for casualty figures, aggregating the fatalities from hospitals, morgues, and Red Crescent ambulances. But in early November, the exigencies of war forced Hamas to consult another and much less authoritative source: local news reports. The change came about after the Israeli ground invasion, when hospitals in northern Gaza ceased to operate. The Hamas-run Gaza Ministry of Health announced its new methodology on November 10, and since then, most of the fatalities have been tallied according to gleanings from news reports. The shortcomings of this approach are many. Not only is the numerical total less dependable when so calculated, but the demographic breakdown (e.g., men, women, children, combatant, non-combatant) is similarly flawed: “The repeated claim that 72% of the dead are women and children is very likely incorrect.” It is more than probable, Epstein observes, that the “media reports methodology significantly understates the number of men killed and may overstate the number of children killed.”
John Spencer, “Israel Has Created a New Standard for Urban Warfare. Why Will No One Admit It?” Newsweek, March 25, 2024, https://www.newsweek.com/israel-has-created-new-standard-urban-warfare-why-will-no-one-admit-it-opinion-1883286
In this article, John Spencer, urban warfare expert and co-director of West Point’s Urban Warfare Project, lauds Israel for setting “a remarkable, historic new standard Israel” in balancing military objectives with humanitarian considerations in urban combat. Spencer singles out Israel for doing more than “any military in history—above and beyond what international law requires and more than the U.S. did in its wars in Iraq and Afghanistan.” In fact, so attentive is the IDF to civilian welfare that its humanitarian precautions have often come at the expense of operational success. One such precaution is the IDF’s practice of announcing attacks in advance. While the IDF’s warnings allow civilians to move out of harm’s way, they also deny their attacks the crucial element of surprise. What is more, the warnings enable Hamas commanders, in preparation for an IDF assault, either to reposition themselves or to disappear into the tunnels beneath Gaza. These operational warnings only add to Israel’s inherent disadvantage of fighting an enemy that embeds itself among the civilian population, both in its fighting positions and its civilian mode of dress. Israeli appeals to civilians to evacuate combat zones have been variously transmitted–whether in 70,000 direct phone calls, thirteen million text messages, 15 million pre-recorded voice messages, or by drones outfitted with loudspeakers, and parachute-borne amplifiers. A few weeks after Swords of Iron began, the IDF also instituted a complex map system, accessible by cell phone, which directs evacuees to safe zones.
Abraham Wyner, “How the Gaza Ministry of Health Fakes Casualty Numbers,” Tablet, March 6, 2024, https://www.tabletmag.com/sections/news/articles/how-gaza-health-ministry-fakes-casualty-numbers
News outlets the world over have generally accepted without question the casualty figures of the Hamas-directed Gaza Ministry of Health. Sometimes references to the death toll are caveated with the explanation that the Gaza Ministry of Health is a part of the Hamas government, but the figures themselves are mostly accepted at face value. In this article, the eminent statistician Abraham Wyner casts doubt on the veracity of Hamas’s data, concluding that “the casualties are not overwhelmingly women and children, and the majority may be Hamas fighters.” Wyner observes several irregularities in the data. First, from October 26 until November 10, 2023, the death toll “increas[es] with almost metronomical linearity.” The gradual, almost perfect, cresting of the tally from this period “show[s] strikingly slight variation. There should be days with twice the average or more and others with half or less.” Similarly suspect is the constancy with which the number of women and children dead rises during this period. What is more, women and child casualties should correlate, showing similar spikes and dips, but they do not: “Consequently, on the days with many women casualties there should be large numbers of children casualties, and on the days when just a few women are reported to have been killed, just a few children should be reported.” How, then, have casualties been reckoned? “The Hamas ministry settled on a daily total arbitrarily. We know this because the daily totals increase too consistently to be real. Then they assigned about 70% of the total to be women and children, splitting that amount randomly from day to day. Then they in-filled the number of men as set by the predetermined total. This explains all the data observed.”
“Five Months of Hostilities on the Israel-Lebanon Border,” The Meir Amit Intelligence and Terrorism Information Center, March 17, 2024, https://www.terrorism-info.org.il/en/five-months-of-hostilities-on-the-israel-lebanon-border/
Analysts at the Meir Amit Intelligence and Terrorism Information Center, a think tank close to Israel’s defense establishment, have noted a gradual escalation in the lethality and the range of the armaments used by Hezbollah throughout the war. In the war’s first three weeks, Hezbollah’s barrages consisted of “sniper fire, artillery and mortar shell fire, anti-tank guided missiles and rockets.” In November, Hezbollah began fielding drones, short-range ballistic missiles, and double-barreled launchers to fire anti-tank guided missiles. January brought another escalation, and since then Hezbollah has deployed an array of advanced weapons. Hezbollah’s belligerent rhetoric and the reach of its salvos have increased correspondingly. Hezbollah has so far “carried out 959 attacks on Israel, using anti-tank guided missiles (266 attacks), Burkan heavy rockets (73), Falaq rockets (40), suicide drones (31) and surface-to-air missiles (6).” Despite these tactical and operational changes, the analysts maintain that Hezbollah’s strategy has been constant, and their “objective is to exhaust the IDF and force it to divert resources from the Gaza Strip to the northern border, part of Hezbollah’s aid to Hamas and showing its commitment to the ‘resistance axis,’ the ‘unity of the arenas’ and to preserve the organization’s balance of deterrence vis-à-vis Israel.” The analysts also give their assessment of the prospects that Hezbollah will withdraw to north of the Litani River, as required by UN Resolution 1701: “Hezbollah has no intention of giving up its control of the border when the war ends.” As for whether the ongoing exchange of fire could escalate into full-scale war, the analysts argue that Hezbollah is prepared to risk war with Israel even though Lebanese opinion opposes it. Accordingly, Hezbollah secretary general Hassan Nasrallah has belabored “the claim that they do not want a war with Israel, but they are prepared for one, and if Israel starts a war, Hezbollah will retaliate without reservation.”
February 2024
Observations from a delegation’s recent tour of the Middle East, the essentials of reforming Palestinian Authority, the Palestinian co-opting of social justice advocacy in the United States,
Cory Gardner, Howard Berman, Dana Stroul, Ghaith al-Omari, Michael Singh, “From War to Peace? Trip Report from a Middle East Study Tour,” Policy Watch 3839, Washington Institute for Near East Policy, Feb 27, 2024,
https://www.washingtoninstitute.org/policy-analysis/war-peace-trip-report-middle-east-study-tour
This rapporteur’s summary (minutes of a meeting taken by a recording secretary) recaps the remarks of three scholars and two former members of Congress in the Washington Institute’s virtual Policy Forum on February 22. The five participants, fresh off a tour of the Middle East “to assess the prospects for security and peace in the current environment,” were former U.S. senator Cory Gardner (R-CO), former U.S. congressperson Howard Berman (D-CA), and Washington Institute senior fellows Ghaith al-Omari, Michael Singh, and Dana Stroul.
Both Gardner and Berman agree that, for the time being, Israel has no further care than to achieve its war aims. The two-state solution or diplomacy in pursuit of this objective is, as Berman noted, “out of sight for now.” Israelis, Berman further observed, “have no appetite to even consider the idea of Palestinian statehood.” The Israelis are similarly blasé about the idea of a reformed Palestinian authority, Ghaith al-Omari remarked, and “there is no appetite for the idea now.”
Dana Stroul, until recently the most senior civilian Middle East hand in the Department of Defense, analyzed the Biden administration’s response to the 180 attacks on U.S. forces in Iraq and Syria by Iranian proxies. She described the administration’s strategy of retaliating with “strikes against Iran-linked facilities in Iraq and Syria, followed by operations targeting Iraqi militia leaders.” The results, she suggests, are zero-sum: a success in preventing full-scale regional war but a failure by not deterring Iran. The discussants did not detect much willingness on the part of the Arab states to make meaningful contributions to stabilize the region. Al-Omari noted that “no Arab state appeared willing to put in the hard work necessary for real PA reform” while Gardner commented that “although the Saudis are eager for the U.S. security umbrella that a treaty would provide, we heard very little about what they will provide in return.” Nevertheless, Michael Singh noted that the Saudis “still view normalization with Israel as the price they must pay to reach a deal with Washington.”
Ghaith al-Omari, “Real PA Reform Requires More Than Just a New Prime Minister,” Washington Institute for Near East Policy, Feb 27, 2024,
In the wake of the recent resignation of the Palestinian Authority’s prime minister and cabinet, Ghaith al-Omari, a former P.A. advisor and a fellow at the Washington Institute, considers the prospects for reforming the P.A. Since October 7, the U.S., E.U., and Arab states have all called for the ineffective, corrupt, and unpopular Palestinian Authority to be reformed so that “Ramallah [can] play a role in humanitarian, reconstruction, and governance efforts in postwar Gaza and, ultimately, reassume control over the Strip.” Such reform is necessary not just for the administrative health of the Palestinian territories, but also because a better-functioning PA will recover some of the legitimacy it has lost and restore the willingness of donors to contribute to the regeneration of postwar Gaza. “International actors will be reluctant to get involved in transitional arrangements,” notes Omari, “unless they are sure the PA is serious about building the necessary security capabilities.” To gauge P.A. reform’s prospects for success, al-Omari presents two allied questions to be asked while the reform is underway: “First, will the new prime minister be empowered to undertake the necessary reforms?” For the answer to be affirmative, al-Omari argues that the new prime minister must command enough independence of action so that reforms can be undertaken without being sabotaged by those invested in the old, corrupt order. The true test of the prime minister’s independence will be answered by al-Omari’s second question: “Who will control the cabinet formation process?” If the president (Abbas) and the Fatah Central Committee continue to exercise veto power over the prime minister’s appointments, then true reform will remain elusive. Omar also wonders if the next government will be technocratic (i.e., staffed by competent technical experts) or a “national consensus government” in which the appointees are chosen by different factions, Hamas among them. If Hamas is included, reform will be impossible, and if the next cabinet is uniformly elderly, made up of veteran Fatah hands instead of the young guard, reform will be improbable.
Gil Troy, “How Palestine Hijacked the U.S. Civil Rights Movement,” Tablet, January 31, 2024,
https://www.tabletmag.com/sections/news/articles/how-palestine-hijacked-us-civil-rights-movement
Harnessing the insight that has made him one of Israel’s ablest historians of our era, Gil Troy analyzes the success of the Palestinian movement’s “gain[ing] a seat in the progressive sectarian tent by piggybacking off the historical experience of American Blacks.”
Troy traces the origins of the Palestinian cause’s appeal to the American left and Black activists to the Soviet Union’s campaign in the 1960s to internationalize the Palestinian cause. The Soviets, Troy observes, sought to weaponize the Palestinian cause, deploying it in their propaganda campaign to hurt the West and court the Third World. The Palestinians are finishing what the Soviets started, in other words. Since, in the United States, no cause commands as much sympathy as that of Black Americans, “other identity groups keep trying to graft their victimhood onto the story of the Black civil rights movement to cement their legitimacy.” But only the Palestinians have succeeded to this end because “the Palestinian cause gets a free pass other movements somehow don’t merit.” Troy notes that “when the Black Lives Matter movement emerged, its activists policed any attempts to broaden their slogan to include other identity groups. Yet pro-Palestinian activists were allowed to appropriate the slogan ‘Palestinian Lives Matter’ and to embed themselves in an internationalized framework against ‘oppression’ that extends ‘from Ferguson to Gaza.’” Troy further notes that the vogue of the “grievance-based politics” in today’s America draws its roots from the “rise of identity politics in the 1960s and 1970s,” around the same time the Soviets’ anti-Zionist campaign got underway. Since around 2010, he maintains, the support for the Palestinian cause has become one of the orthodoxies in the creed of the progressive left: “Since 2010 or so, when progressive Third World sectarianism became quasi-official ideology among all right-thinking people, the Palestinian cause has become increasingly central in left doctrine, bounding to the top of the American left’s “anti-racist” agenda.”
January 2024
A prescient analysis of UNRWA’s institutional flaws, different scenarios for the postwar administration of Gaza, recommendations for preventing Hamas from regenerating after the war, and a sober look at Hamas’s priorities.
Alexander H. Joffe and Asaf Romirowsky, “Stop Giving Money to the U.N.’s Relief Agency for Palestinians,” The New Republic, August 18, 2014.
Reading this ten-year-old analysis in light of recent revelations about UNRWA, one cannot fail to be impressed by the foresight of the authors’ analysis of UNRWA’s defects and the wisdom of their suggestions for its reform. Joffe and Romirowsky begin by exposing Hamas’s connections to UNRWA laid bare in the 2014 Israel-Hamas War–namely, the repurposing of UNRWA schools into weapons depots and the firing rockets from their premises. They go on to say that, although the war brought the UNRWA-Hamas connection into sharper relief, the organization itself is fundamentally compromised, so much so that “UNRWA is effectively a branch of Hamas.” Indeed, most of UNRWA’s staffers in Gaza are members of the Hamas-linked trade union and some are even fighters in Hamas’s ranks. Moreover, UNRWA schools are accessible to and used by Hamas and their curriculum shaped by Hamas. These and other abuses, Joffe and Romirowsky maintain, call for the top-down institutional form of UNRWA. First, UNRWA should be denied any role in the postwar arrangement for Gaza’s reconstruction. Second, since the UN General Assembly would not support the overhaul, much less the dismantlement, of UNRWA, Western donor countries ought to use their leverage to better advantage. Western diplomatic and financial pressure could “reprogram their funds, first by demanding that the PA take over UNRWA’s employees and responsibilities.” Although this would bolster the more pragmatic PA and weaken Hamas, Joffe and Romirowsky acknowledge that this plan is not without its flaws, foremost among which is that “the PA is monumentally corrupt.”
Jeremy Sharp and Jim Zanotti, “Israel and Hamas Conflict In Brief: Overview, U.S. Policy, and Options for Congress,” Congressional Research Service, January 11, 2024. https://sgp.fas.org/crs/mideast/R47828.pdf
This report by two scholars in the Congressional Research Service considers the Israel-Hamas war from the American perspective. After a summary review of the war up to the date of publication (January 11), the report looks at American involvement from a number of angles: e.g., expedited arms deliveries to Israel, humanitarian assistance to the Palestinians, supplemental appropriations legislation, the oversight of American security assistance, and the American response to the aggression of Iranian proxies. Of particular interest is the report’s commentary on different scenarios for Gaza’s postwar governance and security. It relates that if the differences between the U.S., Israel, and the P.A. can be resolved, a plan such as Israeli Defense Minister Gallant proposed in early January could be carried into effect. This plan for civil administration in Gaza rests on three pillars: maintaining “Palestinian administrative mechanisms, with officials and local clans unaffiliated with Hamas,” affording “Israel broad responsibility to prevent security threats against Israel, including via coordination with Egypt at its border with Gaza,” and forming a multinational task force (with the U.S. and some European and Arab states) to regulate Gaza’s civil affairs and economic recovery. Gallant’s proposal could be carried out in tandem with a plan already discussed by the U.S. and the P.A. under which the P.A. and the U.S. Security Coordinator for Israel could re-train 1,000 of the PA’s onetime Gaza security officers. To assist this initial tranche of security personnel reinstated in Gaza, 3,000-5,000 P.A. security forces could be redeployed from the West Bank to Gaza. Meanwhile, on the diplomatic front, negotiations between Israel and the P.A. could be renewed so as to smooth the obstacles to regional Arab participation.
Matthew Levitt, “How to Keep Hamas From Bouncing Back,” Washington Institute for Near East Policy, January 9, 2024.
https://www.washingtoninstitute.org/policy-analysis/how-keep-hamas-bouncing-back
In a crushing blow to the terrorist organization, Israel assassinated Hamas’s most senior official based in Lebanon, Saleh al-Arouri, on January 2. Al-Arouri was the deputy chairman of Hamas’s Politburo, but his responsibilities were hardly limited to political affairs. He was also Hamas’s principal liaison with its foremost foreign sponsor, Iran, and with Iran’s Lebanese surrogate, Hezbollah. What’s more, al-Arouri, a co-founder of Hamas’s armed wing, was in charge of Hamas’s operational activity in the West Bank, in which capacity he helped orchestrate the casus belli of the 2014 Israel-Hamas War: the abduction and murder of three Israeli teenagers.
In this analysis, Levitt, with characteristic acuity, considers the impact of the assassination on Hamas and the means by which Hamas can be kept from “bouncing back” from this and from the decimation of its forces in Gaza. Levitt draws on lessons from history to explain “the key to preventing Hamas from fully bouncing back after the loss of Arouri: namely, concerted action against the group’s support networks abroad.” He points out that it was this external support that allowed Hamas to recover from Israel’s 1989 arrest of two hundred Hamas and Islamic Jihad operatives and its 1992 deportation of 415 members of the two groups. Yet, whereas “in 1992, Hamas had just a few core supporters within the Palestinian diaspora, today it enjoys various degrees of support from Iran, Qatar, and Turkey, as well as diaspora donors around the world, including in the West.” This is all the more reason for “the international community to work collectively to disrupt Hamas’ external channels of support.”
Levitt cites several encouraging examples of American and Western attempts to crack down on foreign support for Hamas since October 7. For instance, the FBI has opened investigations into Hamas-affiliated individuals in the U.S. suspected of “raising funds or providing other material support to this designated foreign terrorist organization.” The Virginia Attorney General’s Office has also initiated an inquest into American Muslims for Palestine, an NGO that may have violated the law by soliciting charitable contributions for Hamas. Another effort since October 7 that promises to hobble Hamas abroad is the formation of the Counter Terrorist Financing Taskforce-Israel, a collaborative body of European and Australian financial intelligence units aimed at disrupting “the flow of funds to Hamas and other terrorist groups.” These actions are “already yielding dividends,” Levitt observes.
Matthew Levitt, “For All That Changed, Hamas Is Still Hamas,” Washington Institute for Near East Policy, January 22, 2024.
https://www.washingtoninstitute.org/policy-analysis/all-changed-hamas-still-hamas
Levitt persuasively shows that in the 18 years since he published his landmark study of Hamas, the group has consistently defied expectations that it would moderate; nothing has dramatized the falsity of this idea more vividly than the October 7 massacre. Levitt observes that since his book was published, “Hamas experienced two transformational events”: its landslide victory in the Palestinian national elections of 2006 and its assault on Israel on October 7. These two events form the bookends of the moderation delusion, from its emergence in January 2006 to its discrediting in October 2023. After its 2006 electoral victory, Hamas, “faced with the choice of focusing on governance or militancy…chose the latter.” But this was a choice Hamas made discreetly, not avowedly, so as to encourage the impression that it was open to an accommodation of some kind with Israel. Thanks to its deception campaign, “Hamas duped Israeli and Western officials into thinking it would not put its governance project at risk and therefore could be deterred.” But October 7 made nonsense of this idea and, “in fact, October 7 was the war Hamas always wanted.” As was belatedly realized, an Islamist terrorist organization will not renounce its raison d’etre for the sake of better governance. In other words, the leopard, as the Book of Jeremiah advises, doesn’t change its spots.
December 2023
The surge of attacks against Jews in Europe, the miscalculations behind Israel’s pre-October 7 assessment failure, the reasons for quiet in the West Bank, and Hamas’s cynical use of civilian infrastructure in its war against Israel, support for a two-state solution plummets
Matthew Levitt, “Addressing the Scourge of Anti-Semitism in Europe,” Congressional Testimony and House Foreign Affairs Committee, December 12, 2023, https://www.washingtoninstitute.org/policy-analysis/addressing-scourge-anti-semitism-europe
Setting the contemporary context of European Anti-Semitism, Levitt, summarizes the number of Anti-Semitic incidents in Europe since the October 7 slaughter of 1200 Jews and others in southern Israel. He includes incidents across Europe and acts of Islamophobia-he recounts the rise in hate speech, use of symbols, threats, intimidation, and violence. He cites Right-Wing extremist posts and calls for violence. He notes that Islamist groups “are by far not the only terrorist organizations to take advantage of October 7 to advocate for violence, hatred, and racism. Far-right neo-Nazi groups began creating anti-Semitic propaganda within hours of Hamas’s incursion into Israel, drawing positive comparisons between Hamas and the Nazis and even creating a hybrid Palestinian-Nazi flag.” The spike in anti-Semitism in Europe has been dramatic, requiring vigilance and excellent intelligence gathering; European officials have said Levitt, acknowledge the intersection of anti-Semitism and terrorism in Europe, with more incidents anticipated to come.
Michael Milshtein, “ Why Is It So Difficult for Israel to Decipher Hamas?” The Jerusalem Strategic Tribune, December 2023, https://jstribune.com/milsthein-why-is-it-so-difficult-for-israel-to-decipher-Hamas/
In one of the best clearly stated and insightful summaries of the Hamas attack and Israel’s dramatic failures to understand Hamas’s intentions and ideology, Milsthein delves into the inability of Israeli and other analysts to understand Hamas ideological fervor. Milshtein suggests that Israelis grossly erred in wanting to believe that Hamas was and could be tamed. He cites the increasing willingness of analysts to subscribe to group- think, and fewer specialists who read Arabic and are familiar with Middle Eastern political and religious cultures. This is an article that should be read, and suggestions ingested if mistakes like October 7 are to be avoided in the future.
Neomi Neumann, “Why a West Bank Front Has Not Opened So Far,” The Washington Institute for Near East Policy, December 13, 2023.
https://www.washingtoninstitute.org/policy-analysis/why-west-bank-front-has-not-opened-so-far
In this analysis, Neomi Neumann, a visiting fellow at the Washington Institute for Near East Policy, probes the reasons that West Bank Palestinians have not opened a second Palestinian front despite Hamas’s repeated calls for them to join the fray. Citing statistics from Israel’s internal security service, Shin Bet, Neumann notes that Palestinians in the West Bank have committed some 150 terrorist attacks (“acts of violence that result in Israeli casualties”) since October 7. Yet, although the West Bank is seething with discontent, it has not yet blazed into rebellion and, as Neumann argues, there is little prospect that it will. These attacks, far from increasing, have declined significantly since early November, a drop-off Neymann attributes to “the killing of senior terrorists, the seizure of arms caches, the introduction of new combat patterns (e.g., aerial fire).” Moreover, some 2,150 Palestinians in the West Bank have been arrested, more than at any time since the Second Intifada. Israelis, however, are not the only ones maintaining order; the PA security forces, Neumann goes on to say, have prevented large-scale protests, justifying these interventions “by telling the public that it is protecting them from “trigger-happy” Israel.” Neumann also mentions a restraining force that is not military or coercive but psychological; the “relative quiet” in the West Bank has been enforced by the memory of Israel’s subdual of the Second Intifada and of the high casualties it inflicted.
“Hamas Exploitation of Hospitals for Military-Terrorist Purposes: Shifa Hospital as a Test Case,”
Meir Amit Intelligence and Terrorism Information Center, December 12, 2023.
The Meir Amit Intelligence and Terrorism Information Center, a think tank close to Israel’s defense establishment, is well known for its exposure of Hamas’s and Hezbollah’s cynical use of human shields and civilian infrastructure in combat. This study draws on this expertise to analyze Hamas’s conversion of Gaza’s largest hospital, al-Shifa in Gaza City, into a command-and-control center. It details the specific ways in which al-Shifa, a government hospital administered by Hamas’s Ministry of Health, serves Hamas’s war effort. Complete with photographs and satellite imagery, the exposé documents weapons stockpiles and ammunition depots in al-Shifa’s MRI suite. It also describes the tunnel network and tunnel shafts that enabled Hamas to circulate, underground, between buildings, escaping the notice of prying eyes. These tunnels, it notes, were maintained with fuel and electricity diverted from the medical facility. The article broadens its focus beyond al-Shifa and the ongoing war, citing other hospitals in which Hamas is operating and other wars in which it has used the same modus operandi.
“Popularity for a Two-State Solution at All Time Low,” Public Opinion Poll no. 90, Palestine Center for Policy and Survey Research, December 13, 2023, https://www.pcpsr.org/en/node/928
Wide public support for Hamas’ offensive on October the 7th, but the vast majority denies that Hamas has committed atrocities against Israeli civilians. The war increases Hamas’ popularity and weakens the standing of the PA and its leadership; nonetheless, the majority of the Palestinians remains unsupportive of Hamas. Support for armed struggle rises, particularly in the West Bank and in response to settlers’ violence. The overwhelming majority condemns the positions taken by the US and the main European powers during the war and express the belief that they have lost their moral compass. Support for a two-state solution among Palestinians and Israelis declines to just one-third on each side.
November 2023
Hamas’s long-term ambitions, anti-Israel indoctrination in academia
Devorah Margolin and Matthew Levitt, “The Road to October 7: Hamas’ Long Game, Clarified,” Combatting Terrorism Center at West Point https://ctc.westpoint.edu/the-road-to-october-7-Hamas-long-game-clarified/
When Hamas took over the Gaza Strip by force of arms in 2007, it faced an ideological crisis. It could focus on governing Gaza and addressing the needs of the Palestinian people, or it could use the Gaza Strip as a springboard from which to attack Israel. Even then, Hamas understood these two goals were mutually exclusive. And while some anticipated Hamas would moderate, or at least be co-opted by the demands of governing, it did not. Instead, Hamas invested in efforts to radicalize society and build the militant infrastructure necessary to someday launch the kind of attack that in its view could contribute to the destruction of Israel. This article explores the road from Hamas’ 2007 takeover of Gaza to the October 2023 massacre.
Kenneth Stein, “Anti-Israel Activism in American Universities, Parts I and Part II,” https://israeled.org/anti-israeli-teaching-on-american-campuses-origins-extent-and-remedies/
The two-part essay identifies multiple reasons for the growth of anti-Israeli sentiment on American campuses. It asserts that 1) both the Hamas massacres and the anti-Israel demonstrations reflect delegitimizing of Jews as a people, undercutting the legitimacy of Jews to constitute a state. Embedded in modern Arab and Muslim attitudes toward Zionism and Israel are a century of denigration, boycott, and belittlement interrupted with significant, yet transactional Arab acceptances of the Jewish state; 2) the public and scholarly realms have become increasingly abusive of Israel, acerbic toward her policies, and vengeful toward her political leaders; 3) campus teaching of the Middle East and Israel in the US since 1967 has disfavored students broad learning about Israel except for studying Hebrew; 4) college professors and campus organizations have increasingly preached anti-Israeli views to unsophisticated, apathetic, and unknowing students; 5) pre-collegiate learning about Zionism and Israel, for Jewish and non-Jewish students alike, is sporadic, often lacking in content and concept, and self-limited to less than half of American Jewish students between the ages of 5 and 18. The major takeaway is that the Jewish students going to American campuses today, have minimal Zionist and Israeli education and learning when they arrive as freshman and few opportunities to learn about Israel in the classroom where bias and prejudice do not dominate the discourse.
October 2023
The background to and progression of the Israel-Hamas war
Jim Zanotti, Luisa Blanchfield, Jeremy Sharp, Cory Gill, Christopher Blanchard, John Rollins, Clayton Thomas, Rebecca Nelson, Matthew Weed, Liana Rosen and Rhoda Margesson, “Israel and Hamas October 2023 Conflict: Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs),” Congressional Research Service, updated October 20, 2023, 77 pages. https://crsreports.congress.gov/product/pdf/R/R47754
Describing reaction to Hamas’ s October 7 attack on Israel, the report notes there are analysts who have described the PA as “wanting to see Hamas fail but unable to openly cheer for Israel.” A number of factors may impact how this conflict proceeds: (1) “Hamas’s motivation and timing;” (2) Hezbollah’s role;” and (3) “Israeli leadership and domestic concerns,” and under the first facto quotes an unnamed senior official, “Hamas’s intention is to get Israel to retaliate massively and have the conflict escalate: a West Bank uprising, Hezbollah attacks, a revolt in Jerusalem.” Categorized as an FAQ, this report’s sections focus on questions, e.g., “What is Hamas and who supports it?” and “Did Iran play a role in planning, directing, or otherwise enabling Hamas attacks?” Its scope covers not only Hamas and thoughts about Israel’s steps, but also the possibility of regional actors attacking, the scope of international responses and the factors U.S. congress ought to take into consideration.
Readings on Israel and Hamas, 1987-2024
June 2024
Tariq al-Homayed, “It is Sinwar and Netanyahu’s Battle Now,” al-Sharq al-Aswat, June 12, 2024, https://english.aawsat.com/opinion/5030126-it-sinwar-and-netanyahu%E2%80%99s-battle-now
James Jeffrey, “A Multinational Authority for ‘the Day After’ in Gaza,” Jerusalem Strategic Tribune, May 2024, https://jstribune.com/jeffrey-a-multinational-authority-for-the-day-after-in-gaza/
Matthew Levitt, What Does Hamas Want?” Fathom Journal, June 2024, “https://fathomjournal.org/what-does-hamas-want-an-interview-with-matthew-levitt/
Neomi Neumann, “What if Gaza’s “Day After” Converges With the Day After Abbas?” PolicyWatch 3894, Washington Institute for Near East Policy, July 1, 2024, https://www.washingtoninstitute.org/policy-analysis/what-if-gazas-day-after-converges-day-after-abbas
Susan Quitaz, “Al Jazeera – Feeding the Muslim Brotherhood’s Political Agenda to the Arab World,” Jerusalem Center for Public Affairs, June 18, 2024, https://jcpa.org/article/al-jazeera-feeding-the-muslim-brotherhoods-political-agenda-to-the-arab-
May 2024
Khaled Abu Toameh, “Does the Palestinian Authority Really Want to Return to Gaza?” Jerusalem Center for Public Affairs, May 21, 2024 https://jcpa.org/does-the-palestinian-authority-really-want-to-return-to-gaza/
Michael Barak, “Egypt’s Perspective on Israel’s War against Hamas in Gaza,” Moshe Dayan Center for Middle Eastern and African Studies, May 15, 2024 https://dayan.org/content/egypts-perspective-israels-war-against-hamas-gaza
Yoni Ben Menachem, “The PA’s Return to Gaza Is Impractical and Unwanted,” Jerusalem Center for Public Affairs, May 21, 2024, https://jcpa.org/the-pas-return-to-gaza-is-impractical-and-unwanted/
Eado Hecht, “The Gaza Terror Offensive: 15 April – 13 May 2024,” The Begin-Sadat Center for Strategic Studies, May 15, 2024, https://besacenter.org/the-gaza-terror-offensive-october-7-8-2023/
Joshua Krasna, “The Struggle for Stability: Arab Reactions to the Hamas-Israel War,” Moshe Dayan Center for Middle Eastern and African Studies, May 15, 2024, https://dayan.org/content/introduction-struggle-stability-arab-reactions-hamas-israel-war
Matthew Levitt, “What Hamas Wants in Postwar Gaza: The Power to Fight Without the Burden of Governing,” Foreign Affairs, May 10, 2024 https://www.washingtoninstitute.org/policy-analysis/what-hamas-wants-postwar-gaza-power-fight-without-burden-governing
Amir Oren, “Gaza-lighting: How Israel’s Weakest Foe Became its Worst Enemy,” Jerusalem Strategic Tribune, May 2024, https://jstribune.com/oren-gaza-lighting/
Dennis Ross, “Israel Needs a New Strategy,” Foreign Affairs, March 13, 2024 https://www.washingtoninstitute.org/policy-analysis/israel-needs-new-strategy
Harold Rhode, “The Attack on Iran’s IRGC Leaders in Damascus and the Iranian Attack on Israel: An Iranian View,” Jerusalem Center for Public Affairs, May 12, 2024 https://jcpa.org/the-attack-on-irans-irgc-leaders-in-damascus-and-the-iranian-attack-on-israel-an-iranian-view/
Dana Stroul, “The Dangers of an Ungovernable Gaza,” Foreign Affairs, May 20, 2024 https://www.washingtoninstitute.org/policy-analysis/dangers-ungovernable-gaza
Dov S. Zakheim, “Turkey and Israel Ties at Low Ebb, But Could Recover,” Jerusalem Strategic Tribune, May 2024, https://jstribune.com/zakheium-turkey-and-israel-ties-at-low-ebb/
April 2024
Ben-Dror Yemini, “Hamas Loses War in Gaza But Wins It in US, West,” Ynet, April 24, 2024, https://www.ynetnews.com/article/rkascqlb0
Yoni Ben Menachem, “How the Failed Iranian Attack Benefitted Israel,” Jerusalem Center for Public Affairs, April 18, 2024, https://jcpa.org/how-the-failed-iranian-attack-benefitted-israel/
Douglas J. Feith & Lewis Libby, “Humanitarians Should Want Hamas’s Human-Sacrifice Strategy to Fail,” Hudson Institute, April 19, 2024, https://www.hudson.org/terrorism/humanitarians-should-want-hamas-human-sacrifice-strategy-fail-douglas-feith-lewis-libby
Gidi Harari and Sarit Zahavi, “Opinion: A Turning Point for Israel and the Middle East,” Alma Research, April 16, 2024, https://israel-alma.org/2024/04/16/opinion-a-turning-point-for-israel-and-the-middle-east/
David Litman, “CNN Article Errs and Misleads on Gaza Humanitarian Aid,” CAMERA, April 18, 2024, https://www.camera.org/article/cnn-article-errs-and-misleads-on-gaza-humanitarian-aid/
Michael Oren, “A Page from the 1968 Playbook?” Clarity, April 28, 2024, https://claritywithmichaeloren.substack.com/p/a-page-from-the-1968-playbook?utm_source=profile&utm_medium=reader2
David Schenker, “Will Israel temper its war on Iran’s regional proxies?” Al Majalla, April 24, 2024, https://en.majalla.com/node/315431/politics/will-israel-temper-its-war-irans-regional-proxies
March 2024
Yoni Ben Menachem, “Assessing Hamas’ Failures,” Jerusalem Center for Public Affairs, March 14, 2024, https://jcpa.org/assessing-hamas-failures/
Yoni Ben Menachem, “The Parallels Between Yahya Sinwar and Yasser Arafat,” March 14, 2024, https://jcpa.org/the-parallels-between-yahya-sinwar-and-yasser-arafat/
Yigal Carmon, “Port Of Hope In Gaza: The Beginning Of The End Of The War,” Memri, March 11, 2014, https://www.memri.org/reports/port-hope-gaza-beginning-end-war
Gabriel Epstein, “Gaza Fatality Data Has Become Completely Unreliable,” WINEP Policy Analysis, March 26, 2024, https://www.washingtoninstitute.org/policy-analysis/gaza-fatality-data-has-become-completely-unreliable
Hillel Frisch, “Cement Is One of the Reasons Why Hamas Must Be Defeated,” Jerusalem Institute for Strategy and Security, March 26, 2024, https://jiss.org.il/en/frisch-cement-is-one-of-the-reasons-why-hamas-must-be-defeated/
Eran Lerman, “Debunking the Myth of the Muqawwamah (“Resistance”): The Strategic Significance of the Surrender of Hamas Terrorists,” Jerusalem Institute for Strategy and Security, March 26, 2024, https://jiss.org.il/en/lerman-debunking-the-myth-of-the-muqawwamah/
Lewis Libby, “The Day After: A Plan for Gaza,” Hudson Institute, March 7, 2024, https://www.hudson.org/international-organizations/day-after-plan-gaza-lewis-libby
James Lindsay, “Options for UNRWA: From Systemic Reform to Dissolution,” WINEP Policy Notes 146, March 21, 2024, https://www.washingtoninstitute.org/policy-analysis/options-unrwa-systemic-reform-dissolution
Jonathan Rynhold and Toby Greene, “Beyond Humanitarian Aid: A Plan for Gazan Civilians Is a Strategic Necessity for Israel,” BESA Center Perspectives Paper No. 2,271, March 26, 2024, https://besacenter.org/beyond-humanitarian-aid-a-plan-for-gazan-civilians-is-a-strategic-necessity-for-israel/
Robert Satloff, “There No Such Thing as a ‘Ramadan Truce,’” The Hill, March 12, 2024, https://thehill.com/opinion/international/4524779-theres-no-such-thing-as-a-ramadan-truce/
Shay Shabtai, “What Would ‘Total Victory’ Mean in Gaza?” BESA Center Perspectives Paper No. 2,267, March 27, 2024, https://besacenter.org/what-would-total-victory-mean-in-gaza/
Manuel Valls, “Israel On the Front Lines,” Tablet, March 27, 2024, https://www.tabletmag.com/sections/news/articles/israel-on-front-lines-manuel-valls
February 2024
Hussain Abdul-Hussain, “Is Gaza Really the Biggest Case of Arab Suffering?” Algemeiner, February 28, 2024, https://www.algemeiner.com/2024/02/28/is-gaza-really-the-biggest-case-of-arab-suffering/
Hezki Baruch, “Netanyahu Presents: The Plan for ‘The Day after Hamas,’” Arutz Sheva, February 23, 2024, https://www.israelnationalnews.com/news/385675
Michael Doran, Can Kasapoğlu, and Jonathan Schachter, “Three Things about the Israel-Hamas War,” Hudson Institute, February 13, 2024, https://www.hudson.org/foreign-policy/three-things-about-israel-hamas-war-february-13-2024-michael-doran-can-kasapoglu-jonathan-schachter
Douglas Feith, “Who Should Run Gaza After the War?” The Free Press, February 23, 2024, https://www.thefp.com/p/who-should-run-gaza-after-the-war-douglas-feith
Azar Gat, “Achieving the Aims of the War in Gaza,” INSS, February 26, 2024, https://www.inss.org.il/publication/gaza-war-targets/
“Hamas Governance in the Gaza Strip: Activity, Institutions, Administration and Public,” The Meir Amit Intelligence and Terrorism Information Center, February 20, 2024, https://www.terrorism-info.org.il/en/hamas-governance-in-the-gaza-strip-activity-institutions-administration-and-public/
Tariq Al-Homayed, “Hamas Has Become ‘Hamases,’” al-Sharq al-Aswat, February 28, 2024, https://english.aawsat.com/opinion/4882306-hamas-has-become-%E2%80%9Chamases%E2%80%9D
Liam Karr, “Hamas and Iran in Nigeria; Turkey Capitalizes on Horn of Africa Tensions,” Institute for the Study of War, February 23, 2024. https://www.understandingwar.org/backgrounder/hamas-and-iran-nigeria-turkey-capitalizes-horn-africa-tensions
Yaakov Lappin, “How Is the Gaza Buffer Zone Going to Work?” Jewish Chronicle, February 2, 2024, https://www.thejc.com/news/israel/how-is-the-gaza-buffer-zone-going-to-work-lny81v8q
Yaakov Lappin, “At Nasser Hospital in Khan Yunis, IDF Achieves War Goals With Precision,” Jewish News Syndicate, February 25, 2024, https://www.jns.org/at-nasser-hospital-in-khan-yunis-idf-achieves-war-goals-with-precision/
Tovah Lazaroff, “IDF Presents Rafah Military Operation and Evacuation Plan to War Cabinet,” Jerusalem Post, February 25, 2024, https://www.jpost.com/breaking-news/article-788771
Neomi Neumann, “Sinwar, Mashal, and Israel’s Dilemma for the ‘Day After,’” Washington Institute for Near East Policy, February 9, 2024, https://www.washingtoninstitute.org/policy-analysis/sinwar-mashal-and-israels-dilemma-day-after
Avraham Shalev, “The Legality of the Israeli Buffer Zone in Gaza,” Kohelet Policy Forum, February 20, 2024, https://en.kohelet.org.il/publication/the-legality-of-the-israeli-buffer-zone-in-the-gaza-strip
Yoav Zitun, “Hamas Elite Commander Surrenders in Tunnel: ‘We Decided Not to Fight and Waited for the IDF,’” Ynet, February 08, 2024, https://www.ynetnews.com/article/r133pvgjt
January 2024
Khaled Abu Toameh, “Is Hamas Waging a Smear Campaign against Egypt?” Jerusalem Center for Public Affairs, January 21, 2024. https://jcpa.org/is-hamas-waging-a-smear-campaign-against-egypt/
Yoni Ben Menachem, “Egypt Fears the Strengthening of the “Muslim Brotherhood” Movement,” Jerusalem Center for Public Affairs, January 28, 2024. https://jcpa.org/egypt-fears-the-strengthening-of-the-muslim-brotherhood-movement/
Yoni Ben Menachem, “Yahya Sinwar’s Exorbitant Demands,” Jerusalem Center for Public Affairs, January 21, 2024. https://jcpa.org/yahya-sinwars-exorbitant-demands/
Geoffrey S. Corn, “‘Rules of War’ are Complicated, not only in Gaza,” Jewish Institute for National Security of America, January 9, 2024. https://jinsa.org/rule-of-war-complicated-corn-jan9/
Ari Cicurel, “Strikes Against the Houthis Should Not Be a One-Off,” Jewish Institute for National Security of America, January 12, 2024. https://jinsa.org/jinsa_report/strikes-against-the-houthis-should-not-be-a-one-off/
Deborah Danan, “Oct. 7 Was Worse Than a Terror Attack. It Was a Pogrom,” Tablet, January 24, 2024. https://www.tabletmag.com/sections/israel-middle-east/articles/hamas-palestinians-pogrom-israel
Udi Dekel, “To Meet the War’s Objectives, Controlling Northern Gaza is Essential,” Institute for National Security Studies, January 25, 2024. https://www.inss.org.il/publication/north-gaza/
“Documents Brought Back From the Gaza Strip Indicate That Hamas Premeditated Its Atrocities Against Israelis and to Kidnap and Maltreat Them,” Meir Amit Intelligence and Terrorism Information Center, January 20, 2024. https://www.terrorism-info.org.il/en/documents-brought-back-from-the-gaza-strip-indicate-that-hamas-premeditated-its-atrocities-against-israelis-and-to-kidnap-and-maltreat-them/
Michael Doran, Can Kasapoğlu & Jonathan Schachter, “Three Things about the Israel-Hamas War,” Hudson Institute, January 25, 2024. https://www.hudson.org/defense-strategy/three-things-about-israel-hamas-war-michael-doran-can-kasapoglu-jonathan-schachter-january-25-2024
Gabriel Epstein, “How Hamas Manipulates Gaza Fatality Numbers,” The Washington Institute for Near East Policy, January 25, 2024. https://www.washingtoninstitute.org/policy-analysis/how-hamas-manipulates-gaza-fatality-numbers-examining-male-undercount-and-other#:~:text=In%20this%20Policy%20Note%2C%20Gabriel,of%20men%20and%20militants%20killed.
Emanuel Fabian, “IDF Says It Has Killed More Than 9,000 Hamas Operatives in Gaza Since Start of War,” Times of Israel, January 14, 2024. https://www.timesofisrael.com/liveblog_entry/idf-says-it-has-killed-more-than-9000-hamas-operatives-in-gaza-since-start-of-war/
Seth J. Frantzman, “Comparing Gaza with Mosul,” The Jerusalem Strategic Tribune, January 2024. https://jstribune.com/frantzman-comparing-gaza-with-mosul/
Efraim Inbar, “What Can We Learn So Far From the War on Hamas?” Jerusalem Institute for Strategy and Security, January 24, 2024. https://jiss.org.il/en/inbar-what-can-we-learn-so-far-from-the-war-on-hamas/
Avi Issacharoff, “With Our Boots on Hamas’ Neck, We Can’t Quit Now,” Ynet, January 25, 2024. https://www.ynetnews.com/article/bj00zo515t#autoplay
“Military Admin Then Int’l Coalition Floated as ‘Day After Hamas’ Plan, Jewish News Syndicate, January 31, 2024. https://www.jns.org/military-admin-then-intl-coalition-floated-as-day-after-plan/
Eran Lerman, “Even Before the Guns Fall Silent: Israel’s Political Debates Reawaken,” The Jerusalem Strategic Tribune, January 2024. https://jstribune.com/lerman-israels-political-debates-reawaken/
Matthew Levitt, “How to Keep Hamas From Bouncing Back,” Washington Institute for Near East Policy, January 9, 2024. https://www.washingtoninstitute.org/policy-analysis/how-keep-hamas-bouncing-back
Matthew Levitt, “For All That Changed, Hamas Is Still Hamas,” Washington Institute for Near East Policy, January 22, 2024. https://www.washingtoninstitute.org/policy-analysis/all-changed-hamas-still-hamas
Assaf Orion, “The Red-Hot Blue Line,” Washington Institute for Near East Policy, January 11, 2024. https://www.washingtoninstitute.org/policy-analysis/red-hot-blue-line
Gianluca Pacciani, “Hamas Bigwig Rejects 2-State Solution, Says Oct. 7 ‘Revived Dream to Free Palestine,” Times of Israel, January 23, 2024. https://www.timesofisrael.com/hamas-bigwig-rejects-2-state-solution-says-oct-7-revived-dream-to-free-palestine/
Daniel Pipes, “Making Sense of the Hamas-Israel War,” Middle East Forum Webinar, January 15, 2024. https://www.meforum.org/65469/daniel-pipes-making-sense-of-the-hamas-israel-war
Yohanan Plesner, “Can a Unified Israel Rise From the Ashes of the Hamas War?” Israel Democracy Institute, January 7, 2024. https://en.idi.org.il/articles/52282
Jane Prinsley, “Hamas Booby-Trapped Dead Bodies with Explosives Say Israeli First Responders,” The Jewish Chronicle, January 31, 2024. https://www.thejc.com/news/uk/hamas-booby-trapped-dead-bodies-with-explosives-say-israeli-first-responders-lsxjecx8
Shay Shabtai, “How Can Israel Complete Its Victory in the Swords of Iron War?” BESA Center January 25, 2024. https://besacenter.org/how-can-israel-complete-its-victory-in-the-swords-of-iron-war/https://themedialine.org/top-stories/unrwa-is-a-horror-show-with-jew-hatred-at-its-core-house-committee-is-told/
Amos Yadlin, “Gazan Futures: After Operation Guardians of the Wall,” Fathom Journal, June 2021. https://fathomjournal.org/gazan-futures-after-operation-guardians-of-the-wall/
Sarit Zehavi, “Hezbollah Wrote the Plan that Hamas Executed,” Alma Research and Education Center, January 29, 2024. https://israel-alma.org/2024/01/29/hezbollah-wrote-the-plan-that-hamas-executed/
December 2023
Ron Ben-Yishay, “Hamas’ Last Stand in Shijaiyah Proves Costly for IDF,” Ynet, December 13, 2023. https://www.ynetnews.com/article/hkrlzgwla
Yoni Ben-Menachem, “Securing the ‘Philadelphi Corridor’: A Strategic Imperative for Israel,” Jerusalem Center for Public Affairs, December 28, 2023. https://jcpa.org/securing-the-philadelphi-corridor-a-strategic-imperative-for-israel/
Brian Carter, “The Order of Battle of Hamas’ Izz al Din al Qassem Brigades,” Institute for the Study of War, December 22, 2023. https://www.understandingwar.org/backgrounder/order-battle-hamas%E2%80%99-izz-al-din-al-qassem-brigades
Michael Doran, Can Kasapoğlu, Jonathan Schachter, and Zineb Riboua, “Three Things about the Israel-Hamas War,” Hudson Institute, December 5, 2023. https://www.hudson.org/terrorism/three-things-about-israel-hamas-war-michael-doran-can-kasapoglu-jonathan-schachter-december-5-2023
Chuck Freilich and Eldad Shavit, “The US, Israel, and the Ongoing War in Gaza,” Institute for National Security Studies, December 12, 2023. https://www.inss.org.il/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/No.-1798.pdf
Eado Hecht, “The Gaza Terror Offensive,” Begin-Sadat Center for Strategic Studies, December 14-24, 2023.https://besacenter.org/the-gaza-terror-offensive-october-7-8-2023/
Efraim Inbar, “What Can We Learn So Far from the War on Hamas?” Jerusalem Institute for Strategy and Security, December 24, 2023. https://jiss.org.il/en/inbar-what-can-we-learn-so-far-from-the-war-on-hamas/
Avi Issacharoff, “Israel Must Fight Gaza War to the End,” Ynet, December 17, 2023. https://www.ynetnews.com/article/bk9johh8a?utm_source=https://www.ynetnews.com&utm_medium=social&utm_campaign=general_share
“Iran: Hamas’s Oct. 7 Massacre Was Response to 2020 Soleimani Killing,” Jewish News Syndicate, December 27, 2023. https://www.jns.org/iran-hamass-oct-7-massacre-was-response-to-2020-soleimani-killing/
Nadim Koteich, “Hamas Could End… Then What?,” al-Sharq al-Aswat, December 26, 2023. https://english.aawsat.com/opinion/4751346-hamas-could-end-then-what
Kobi Michael and Gabi Siboni, “On the Goals of the War: Between National Security and Personal Security,” Jerusalem Institute for Strategy and Security, December 12, 2023. https://jiss.org.il/en/michael-siboni-on-the-goals-of-the-war/
Yaakov Lappin, “IDF Chief: We’ll Reach Hamas Leaders ‘Whether It Takes a Week or Months,’” Jewish News Syndicate, December 26, 2023.
“Hamas Exploitation of Hospitals for Military-Terrorist Purposes: Shifa Hospital as a Test Case,” Meir Amit Intelligence and Terrorism Information Center, December 12, 2023. https://www.terrorism-info.org.il/en/hamas-exploitation-of-hospitals-for-military-terrorist-purposes-shifa-hospital-as-a-test-case/
“Rifts between Gazan Civilians and the Hamas Leadership, and Increasing Public Criticism of the Organization,” Meir Amit Intelligence and Terrorism Information Center, December 13, 2023. https://www.terrorism-info.org.il/en/rifts-between-gazan-civilians-and-the-hamas-leadership-and-increasing-public-criticism-of-the-organization/
Michael Milshtein, “Why is It So Difficult for Israel to Decipher Hamas?” Jerusalem Strategic Tribune, December 2023. https://jstribune.com/milsthein-why-is-it-so-difficult-for-israel-to-decipher-hamas/
Robert Satloff, Dennis Ross, David Makovsky, “Israel’s War Aims and the Principles of a Post-Hamas Administration in Gaza,” The Washington Institute for Near East Policy, December 17, 2023. https://www.washingtoninstitute.org/policy-analysis/israels-war-aims-and-principles-post-hamas-administration-gaza
Jonathan Schanzer, “Egypt’s Gaza Dilemma,” Foundation for the Defense of Democracies, December 26, 2023. https://www.fdd.org/analysis/2023/12/26/egypts-gaza-dilemma/
Ehud Yaari and Matthew Levitt, “Growing Internal Tensions Between Hamas Leaders,” The Washington Institute for Near East Policy, December 21, 2023. https://www.washingtoninstitute.org/policy-analysis/growing-internal-tensions-between-hamas-leaders
Ben-Dror Yemeni, “Europe Is Terrified and Kowtows to Hamas,” Ynet, December 27, 2023, https://www.ynetnews.com/article/sjef8ckvp
November 2023
Yonah Jeremy Bob, “Will Mossad be allowed to assassinate Hamas leaders in Qatar? – analysis,” Jerusalem Post, November 27, 2023. https://www.jpost.com/israel-news/defense-news/article-775403
Christina Bouri and Diana Roy, “The Israel-Hamas War: The Humanitarian Crisis in Gaza,” Council on Foreign Relations, November 14, 2023. https://www.cfr.org/in-brief/israel-hamas-war-humanitarian-crisis-gaza
Ben Caspit, “Hamas escape: How Netanyahu had the chance to kill Yahya Sinwar six times,” Jerusalem Post, November 28, 2023. https://www.jpost.com/arab-israeli-conflict/gaza-news/article-775527
Center for Israel Education, “A Short History of Hamas,” Center for Israel Education, October 23, 2023. https://israeled.org/a-short-history-of-hamas/
Center for Israel Education, “Hamas Charter totally rejects Israel and Zionism – 1988,” Center for Israel Education, October 23, 2023. https://israeled.org/hamas-charter-totally-rejects-israel-and-zionism/
Center for Israel Education, “Hamas: A Document of General Principles & Policie,” Center for Israel Education, October 16, 2023. https://israeled.org/resources/documents/hamas-a-document-of-general-principles-policies/
Center for Israel Education, “Hamas’ political thought and stances in light of the Arab uprisings,” Center for Israel Education, November 15, 2023. https://israeled.org/resources/documents/hamas-political-thought-and-stances-in-light-of-the-arab-uprisings/
Center for Israel Education, “International Voices Urging the Recognition of Hamas as a Legitimate Political Actor, 2003-2018,” Center for Israel Education, November 11, 2023. https://israeled.org/international-voices-urging-the-recognition-of-hamas-as-a-legitimate-political-actor/
Center for Israel Education, “Jimmy Carter’s Hamas Decade of Embrace,” Center for Israel Education, October 29, 2023. https://israeled.org/jimmy-carters-hamas-decade-of-embrace/
Center for Israel Education, “Maps of the Middle East and the Gaza Strip,” Center for Israel Education, November 15, 2023. https://israeled.org/maps-of-the-middle-east-and-the-gaza-strip/
Center for Israel Education, “Quotations from Hamas Sources Expressing Hatred For Zionism, Israel and Jews, 1988-2014,” Center for Israel Education, October 13, 2023. https://israeled.org/resources/documents/quotations-from-hamas-sources-expressing-hatred-for-zionism-israel-and-jews-1988-2014/
Center for Israel Education, “Suggested Videos on the Hamas-Israel War,” Center for Israel Education, November 15, 2023. https://israeled.org/suggested-videos-on-the-hamas-israel-war/
Center for Israel Education, “Timeline – Hamas-Israel Relations with events, statements and previous clashes, 1988 – present,” Center for Israel Education, October 14, 2023. https://israeled.org/timeline-hamas-israel-relations-with-events-statements-and-previous-clashes-1988-present/
Center for Israel Education, “Understanding Hamas” (compilation), Center for Israel Education, November 15, 2023. https://israeled.org/israel-hamas-war/understanding-hamas/
Stephen Cook interviewed by Gabrielle Sierra, “Understanding the U.S. Role in the Israel-Hamas War” (podcast and transcript), Council on Foreign Relations, November 22, 2023. https://www.cfr.org/podcasts/understanding-us-role-israel-hamas-war
Ami Rojkes Dombe, “Analysis | Mossad Will Face Difficulties Eliminating Hamas Senior Members Abroad,” Israel Defense, November 28, 2023. https://www.israeldefense.co.il/en/node/60437
Honest Reporting staff, “Broken Borders: AP & Reuters Pictures of Hamas Atrocities Raise Ethical Questions,” Honest Reporting, November 8, 2023. https://honestreporting.com/photographers-without-borders-ap-reuters-pictures-of-hamas-atrocities-raise-ethical-questions/
Steve Inskeep, “Israel’s lack of a strategy is a strategy,” NPR, November 19, 2023. https://www.npr.org/2023/11/19/1213797712/israels-lack-of-a-strategy-is-the-strategy
Brian Michael Jenkins, “The Israel-Hamas War Has Upended the Terrorist Threat Matrix,” RAND Corporation/The Hill, November 22, 2023. https://www.rand.org/pubs/commentary/2023/11/the-israel-hamas-war-has-upended-the-terrorist-threat.html
Moran Kandelshtein-Haina, “The War in Gaza: Who is Authorized to Approve a Deal for the Return of the Hostages in Exchange for the Release of Palestinian Prisoners?,” Israeli Democracy Institute, November 13, 2023. https://en.idi.org.il/articles/51475
Martin Kramer, “The Salience of Islamic Antisemitism,” Institute of Jewish Affairs, October 2, 1995. https://martinkramer.org/reader/archives/the-salience-of-islamic-antisemitism/
Meir Litvak, “The Islamization of the Palestinian-Israeli Conflict: The Case of Hamas,” Center for Israel Education/ResearchGate, January 1998. https://israeled.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/Litwak-The_Islamization_of_the_Palestinian-Israeli_Conflict.pdf
Devorah Margolin and Matthew Levitt, “The Road to October 7: Hamas’ Long Game, Clarified,” Combatting Terrorism Center at West Point, October-November 2023. https://ctc.westpoint.edu/the-road-to-october-7-hamas-long-game-clarified/
John Merriam, “Israel – Hamas 2023 Symposium– Inside IDF Targeting,” Lieber Institute, October 20, 2023. https://lieber.westpoint.edu/inside-idf-targeting/
Michael Oren, “Israel’s choice: Body or soul,” Times of Israel, November 27, 2023. https://blogs.timesofisrael.com/israels-choice-body-or-soul
Michael Oren, “The Day After,” SAPIR Journal, October-November 2023. https://sapirjournal.org/war-in-israel/2023/11/the-day-after/
Haviv Rettig Gur, “Hostage deal, even if it fails, shows Hamas’s desperation,” Times of Israel, November 23, 2023. https://www.timesofisrael.com/hostage-deal-even-if-it-fails-shows-hamass-desperation/
Paul Ronzheimer and Claudia Chiappa, “Netanyahu: Don’t accuse me of boosting Hamas with Qatari money,” Politico, November 26, 2023. https://www.politico.eu/article/benjamin-netanyahu-hamas-qatar-money-war-israel-gaza-palestine/
Khalil Shikaki, “Palestinian Future after the Israeli Reoccupation of the Gaza Strip,” Palestinian Center for Policy and Survey Research, November 2023. https://pcpsr.org/en/node/959
Barbara Slavin, “The Gaza War Will Not Solve the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict,” Stimson Center, October 20, 2023. https://www.stimson.org/2023/the-gaza-war-will-not-solve-the-israeli-palestinian-conflict/
Kenneth Stein, “Anti-Israel Activism in American Universities I: The Advent of Anti-Israel Sentiment on Campus,” Jerusalem Strategic Tribune, November 2023. https://jstribune.com/stein-anti-israel-activism-in-american-universities/
Kenneth Stein, “Anti-Israel Activism in American Universities II: Middle Eastern Studies and Israel Studies,” Jerusalem Strategic Tribune, November 2023. https://jstribune.com/stein-anti-israel-activism-in-american-universities-ii/
Ksenia Svetlova, “The primary victims of Hamas are Palestinian,” Jerusalem Strategic Tribune, November 2023. https://jstribune.com/svetlova-the-primary-victims-of-hamas-are-palestinian/
Patrick Wintour, “Corrupt, discredited: could a reformed Palestinian Authority run Gaza?,” The Guardian, November 27, 2023. https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/nov/27/corrupt-discredited-could-a-reformed-palestinian-authority-run-gaza
October 2023
Nidal Al-Mughrabi, “Israel drops leaflets in Gaza offering reward for hostage information,” Reuters, October 24, 2023. https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/israel-drops-leaflets-gaza-offering-reward-hostage-information-2023-10-24/
Ghaith al-Omari, “How the Palestinian Authority Failed Its People,” Washington Institute, October 19, 2023. https://www.washingtoninstitute.org/policy-analysis/how-palestinian-authority-failed-its-people
Hadeel Al Sayegh, John O’Donnell and Elizabeth Howcroft, “Analysis-Hamas’ cash-to-crypto global finance maze in Israel’s sights,” AOL/Reuters, October 13, 2023. https://www.aol.com/analysis-hamas-cash-crypto-global-192759193.html
Rafiah Al Talei, Nathan J. Brown, Yasmine Farouk, Mohanad Hage Ali, Amr Hamzawy, Zaha Hassan, Marwan Muasher, Sinan Ülgen, Maha Yahya, Sarah Yerkes, “Arab Perspectives on the Middle East Crisis,” Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, October 13, 2023. https://carnegieendowment.org/2023/10/13/arab-perspectives-on-middle-east-crisis-pub-90774
Jon Alterman, “Hamas and Israel: The Current Situation and Looking Ahead,” Center for Strategic and International Studies, October 11, 2023. https://www.csis.org/analysis/hamas-and-israel-current-situation-and-looking-ahead
Yara Asi, Imad Harb, Khalil Jahshan, Tamara Kharroub, Laurie King, Jonathan Kuttab and Yousef Munayyer, “The Hamas Attack on Israel: Context, Analysis, and Potential Repercussions,” Arab Center Washington DC, October 10, 2023. https://arabcenterdc.org/resource/the-hamas-attack-on-israel-context-analysis-and-potential-repercussions/
Avner Barnea, “Analysis: How Israeli Intelligence Failed to Anticipate the Hamas Attack,” IntelNews, October 16, 2023. https://intelnews.org/2023/10/16/01-3312/
Justin Bassi, “Israeli’s Intelligence Failure Could Be Worse Than in 1973,” National Interest, October 13, 2023. https://nationalinterest.org/blog/buzz/israeli%E2%80%99s-intelligence-failure-could-be-worse-1973-206935
BBC Video Formats team, “Land, air and sea: Video analysis shows how Hamas coordinated huge attack,” BBC, October 12, 2023. https://www.bbc.com/news/av/world-middle-east-67096316
Peter Beaumont, “Israel attack is Hamas imposing itself on wider Middle East diplomacy,” The Guardian, October 8, 2023. https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/oct/08/israel-attack-is-hamas-imposing-itself-on-wider-middle-east-diplomacy
Jordyn Beazley, “‘Israel declares war’: What the papers say about the surprise Hamas attack and its aftermath,” The Guardian, October 7, 2023. https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/oct/08/israel-declares-war-what-the-papers-say-about-the-surprise-hamas-attack-and-its-aftermath
Yonah Jeremy Bob, “Ups and downs of northern Gaza security zone strategy – analysis,” Jerusalem Post, October 24, 2023. https://www.jpost.com/arab-israeli-conflict/gaza-news/article-769968
Julian Borger and Sufian Taha, “Palestinian PM: we will not run Gaza without solution for West Bank,” The Guardian, October 29, 2023. https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/oct/29/palestinian-pm-we-will-not-run-gaza-without-solution-for-west-bank
Anna Borshchevskaya, “Russian Policy and Hamas’ Assault: Putin Benefits From Chaos,” Jerusalem Strategic Tribune, “October 2023. https://jstribune.com/borshchevskaya-russian-policy-and-hamas-assault/
Catherine Cleveland and David Pollock, “Polls Show Majority of Gazans Were Against Breaking Ceasefire; Hamas and Hezbollah Unpopular Among Key Arab Publics,” Washington Institute, October 10, 2023. https://www.washingtoninstitute.org/policy-analysis/polls-show-majority-gazans-were-against-breaking-ceasefire-hamas-and-hezbollah
Elliot Cosgrove, Bret Stephens and Rachel Fish, “American Jewry and the War in Israel: What Do We Do Now?” (1:23 :45 video), SAPIR Journal and Park Avenue Synagogue, October 20, 2023. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8U–jMqw_tI
Amichai Cohen, “Operation Swords of Iron: The Decision to Go to War, in Theory and Practice in Israel,” Israel Democracy Institute, October 11, 2023. https://en.idi.org.il/articles/51077
Stephen Collinson, “Israel’s war with Hamas will cause deep and wide political shockwaves,” CNN, October 10, 2023. https://www.cnn.com/2023/10/10/politics/political-shockwaves-israel-hamas-war/index.html
Tara Copp, “Here’s a look at the military firepower the US is providing to Israel,” DefenseNews/AP, October 12, 2023. https://www.defensenews.com/battlefield-tech/2023/10/12/heres-a-look-at-the-military-firepower-the-us-is-providing-to-israel/
Isabel Debre, “What you need to know about Hamas, air, land and sea attack on Israel,” DefenseNews/AP, October 7, 2023. https://www.defensenews.com/intel-geoint/isr/2023/10/07/what-you-need-to-know-about-hamas-air-land-and-sea-attack-on-israel/
Ami Tojkes Dombe, “If Hamas Was Indeed Aided by Iran – the Mossad Had No Clue | Analysis,” Israel Defense, October 10, 2023. https://www.israeldefense.co.il/en/node/59841
Jeffrey Feltman, Sharan Grewal, Patricia M. Kim, Tanvi Madan, Suzanne Maloney, Amy J. Nelson, Michael E. O’Hanlon, Bruce Riedel, Natan Sachs, Natalie Sambhi, Jaganath Sankaran, Caitlin Talmadge, and Andrew Yeo, “The Israel-Gaza Crisis,” Brookings Institute, October 13, 2023. https://www.brookings.edu/articles/the-israel-gaza-crisis/
David Folkenflik, “News outlets backtrack on Gaza blast after relying on Hamas as key source,” NPR, October 24, 2023. https://www.npr.org/2023/10/24/1208075395/israel-gaza-hospital-strike-media-nyt-apology
Seth Frantzman, “Israel’s Russia and China policy in spotlight after Hamas attack – analysis,” Jerusalem Post, October 14, 2023. https://www.jpost.com/israel-news/politics-and-diplomacy/article-768328
Manisha Ganguly and Hibaq Farah, “How Israel-Hamas war disinformation is being spread online,” The Guardian, October 11, 2023. https://www.theguardian.com/media/2023/oct/11/how-israel-hamas-war-disinformation-is-being-spread-online
Judah Grunstein, “Hamas’ Most Damaging Blow Was to Israel’s Psyche,” World Politics Review, October 9, 2023. https://www.worldpoliticsreview.com/israel-palestinian-conflict-gaza-hamas [Register for free to access.]
Haviv Rettig Gur, “A wounded, weakened Israel is a fiercer one,” Times of Israel, October 8, 2023. https://www.timesofisrael.com/a-wounded-weakened-israel-is-a-fiercer-one/
Bruce Hoffman, “Israel’s War on Hamas: What to Know,” Council on Foreign Relations, October 9, 2023. https://www.cfr.org/in-brief/israels-war-hamas-what-know
Bill Hutchinson, “Death came from sea, air and ground: A timeline of surprise attack by Hamas on Israel,” ABC News, October 12, 2023. https://abcnews.go.com/International/timeline-surprise-rocket-attack-hamas-israel/story?id=103816006
Philip Ingram, “Analysis: Is Hamas a more sophisticated force than Israel imagined?,” Al Jazeera, October 10, 2023. https://www.aljazeera.com/features/2023/10/10/analysis-is-hamas-a-more-sophisticated-force-than-israel-imagined
INSS Data Analytics Desk, “Real time Updates: Swords of Iron: An Overview,” Institute for National Security Studies, most recent update October 24, 2023. https://www.inss.org.il/publication/war-data/
Stanly Johny, “What is Hamas, the Palestinian militant group?,” The Hindu, October 10, 2023. https://www.thehindu.com/news/international/what-is-hamas-the-palestinian-militant-group/article67402621.ece
Stanly Johny, “What are Israel’s options after the Hamas attack? | Analysis,” The Hindu, October 12, 2023. https://www.thehindu.com/news/international/analysis-what-are-israels-options-after-the-hamas-attack/article67410957.ece
Yossi Klein Halevi, “The Reckoning,” The Atlantic, October 10, 2023, https://www.theatlantic.com/ideas/archive/2023/10/israel-gaza-netanyahu/675597/ and also published by the author on Facebook for those without access, https://m.facebook.com/story.php?story_fbid=pfbid02MzAUHzaT5oGHAEaAauM72rbkhcu3SMMBufQBTFgzMP9AafBqgff4Wyx6nZNBjdeMl&id=100047099322963&mibextid=Nif5oz
Michael Knights, “Gaza’s Urban Warfare Challenge: Lessons from Mosul and Raqqa,” Washington Institute for Near East Policy, October 13, 2023, https://www.washingtoninstitute.org/policy-analysis/gazas-urban-warfare-challenge-lessons-mosul-and-raqqa
Zoran Kusovac, “Analysis: Why did it take Israel three days to return to Gaza’s boundary?,” Al Jazeera, October 11, 2023. https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/10/11/analysis-why-did-it-take-israel-three-days-to-return-to-gazas-boundary
Zachary Laub and Kali Robinson, “What is Hamas?,” Council on Foreign Relations, October 9, 2023. https://www.cfr.org/backgrounder/what-hamas
Tovah Lazaroff, “Is this Israel’s moment to re-occupy Gaza? – analysis,” Jerusalem Post, October 10, 2023. https://www.jpost.com/israel-news/article-767546
Brad Lendon, “How does Hamas get its weapons? A mix of improvisation, resourcefulness and a key overseas benefactor,” CNN, October 12, 2023. https://www.cnn.com/2023/10/11/middleeast/hamas-weaponry-gaza-israel-palestine-unrest-intl-hnk-ml/index.html
Aaron Maclean, “Israel’s Outside-the-Box Options,” Mosaic Magazine, October 13, 2023. https://mosaicmagazine.com/response/israel-zionism/2023/10/israels-outside-the-box-options/ [Register for free access]
David Makovsky, “The Trust Biden Built with Israelis Doesn’t come with a Blank Check,” Washington Institute for Near East Policy, October 13, 2023, https://www.washingtoninstitute.org/policy-analysis/trust-biden-built-israelis-doesnt-come-blank-check
Bryan Mena, “Israel-Hamas war risks further deglobalization and inflation,” CNN Business, October 15, 2023. https://www.cnn.com/2023/10/15/economy/stocks-week-ahead-deglobalization/index.html
Samia Nakhoul, Nidal Al-Mughrabi, Matt Spetalnick and Laila Bassam, “Analysis: In striking Israel, Hamas also took aim at Middle East security realignment,” Reuters, October 8, 2023. https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/striking-israel-hamas-also-took-aim-middle-east-security-realignment-2023-10-08/
David Patrikarakos, “ANALYSIS: Hamas cannot defeat Israel. Israel cannot lose to Hamas. So why all the blood?,” Jewish News, October 16, 2023. https://www.jewishnews.co.uk/opinion-hamas-cannot-defeat-israel-israel-cannot-lose-to-hamas-so-why-all-the-blood/
Paul Pillar, “The Hamas Attack and the Failure to Understand ‘Intelligence Failures’,” National Interest, October 12, 2023. https://nationalinterest.org/blog/paul-pillar/hamas-attack-and-failure-understand-%E2%80%9Cintelligence-failures%E2%80%9D-206921
John Raine, Emile Hokayem, Rym Monmtaz, Hazan AlHasan, Tom Beckett, “Webinar: The geopolitics of the Hamas–Israel war” (1:60:46), International Institute for Strategic Studies, October 13, 2023. https://www.iiss.org/events/2023/10/the-geopolitics-of-the-hamas-israel-war/
Barak Ravid, “Scoop: Israel says it found Hamas files with instructions for making cyanide-based weapon,” Axios, October 21, 2023. https://www.axios.com/2023/10/21/israel-hamas-cyanide-weapon-instructions
Grant Rumley, “U.S. Wartime Support to Israel: First Steps and Future Considerations,” Washington Institute for Near East Policy, October 12, 2023, https://www.washingtoninstitute.org/policy-analysis/us-wartime-support-israel-first-steps-and-future-considerations
Robert Satloff, Dennis Ross, Michael Singh, Patrick Clawson, “Hamas Attacks: A Turning Point for U.S. Policy — A Statement of Washington Institute Experts,” Washington Institute, October 13, 2023. https://www.washingtoninstitute.org/policy-analysis/hamas-attacks-turning-point-us-policy-statement-washington-institute-experts
Assaf Shapira, “As The War With Hamas Continues, An Emergency Unity Government is Formed,” Israel Democracy Institute, October 10, 2023. https://en.idi.org.il/articles/51060
Aditya Sinha, “The mirage of stability: How Hamas attack has changed Middle East geopolitics,” Firstpost, October 10, 2023. https://www.firstpost.com/opinion/the-mirage-of-stability-how-hamas-attack-has-changed-middle-east-geopolitics-13228202.html
Matt Spetalnick, Humeyra Pamuk and Simon Lewis, “Israel-Hamas war upends Biden’s two-pronged Mideast strategy,” Reuters, October 10, 2023. https://www.reuters.com/world/israel-hamas-war-upends-bidens-two-pronged-mideast-strategy-2023-10-10/
Bret Stephens, “‘We Are Alone’: Reflections on the Jewish-American Response to October 7,” Sapir Journal, October 2023. https://sapirjournal.org/war-in-israel/2023/10/we-are-alone-reflections-on-the-jewish-american-response-to-october-7/
Laura Strickler, “’It’s like being underwater’: What Israeli soldiers will face inside the labyrinth of Hamas tunnels,” NBC News, October 23, 2023. https://www.nbcnews.com/news/world/israeli-soldiers-will-face-labyrinth-hamas-tunnels-rcna121459
Times of Israel staff and Jacob Magid, “US said concerned that Israel lacks achievable goals for Gaza op and IDF isn’t ready,” Times of Israel, October 24, 2023. https://www.timesofisrael.com/us-said-concerned-israel-lacks-achievable-goals-for-gaza-op-and-that-idf-not-ready/
Karl Vick, “A Former Israeli Intelligence Chief on Atrocities, the Coming Invasion of Gaza, and the Fate of Hostages,” TIME, October 13, 2023. https://time.com/6323051/israeli-intelligence-chief-hamas-gaza-interview/#tbl-em-lnov3qbr8e3
Cleary Waldo, Gabriel Epstein, Sydney Hilbush, “International Reactions to the Hamas Attack on Israel,” Washington Institute for Near East Policy, October 11, 2023. https://www.washingtoninstitute.org/policy-analysis/international-reactions-hamas-attack-israel
Selina Wang, “Israel-Hamas conflict tests Biden’s foreign policy message ahead of 2024: ANALYSIS,” ABC News, October 9, 2023. https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/israeli-hamas-conflict-tests-bidens-foreign-policy-message/story?id=103836878
Adir Yanko, “Since beginning of war, 23 families request to retrieve sperm from fallen soldiers,” Ynet News, October 24, 2023. https://www.ynetnews.com/health_science/article/hyblx64zp
Michael Young, “Will Gaza Set the Middle East Alight?,” Carnegie Middle East Center, October 13, 2023. https://carnegie-mec.org/diwan/90769
Neri Zilber, Shira Efron, Nimrod Novik and Michael Koplow, “Israel under attack (Emergency Briefing” (57:02), Israel Policy Forum, October 9, 2023. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NOW9EqKjkJQ&ab_channel=IsraelPolicyForum
January 2023-September 2023
Gianluca Pacchiani, “Protests against Hamas reemerge in the streets of Gaza, but will they persist?,” Times of Israel, August 8, 2023. https://www.timesofisrael.com/protests-against-hamas-reemerge-in-the-streets-of-gaza-but-will-they-persist/
TOI Staff, “Iranian, Hamas officials discuss response to upheaval in Israel — report,” Times of Israel, July 26, 2023. https://www.timesofisrael.com/iranian-hamas-officials-secretly-discuss-response-to-upheaval-in-israel-report
Michael Oren, “When Israel gave Hamas something worth not fighting for,” Times of Israel, May 15, 2023. https://blogs.timesofisrael.com/when-israel-gave-hamas-something-worth-not-fighting-for/
Nidal Al-Mughrabi, “Analysis: Hamas sees West Bank as battleground with new Israel gov’t,” Reuters, January 18, 2023. https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/hamas-sees-west-bank-battleground-with-new-israel-govt-2023-01-18/
Center for Peace Communications and TOI Staff, “What’s life like under Hamas? ‘Whispered in Gaza’ offers unique, courageous testimony,” Times of Israel, January 16, 2023. https://www.timesofisrael.com/whats-life-like-under-hamas-whispered-in-gaza-offers-unique-courageous-testimony
2022
Ido Zelkovitz, “Game of Thrones: The Struggle between Fatah and Hamas for Political Hegemony in the Palestinian Authority, 2011-2022.” INSS, July 2022. https://www.inss.org.il/publication/game-of-thrones-the-struggle-between-fatah-and-hamas-for-political-hegemony-in-the-palestinian-authority-2011-2022/
The Syrian Observer Staff, “Syrian Islamic Council: Mufti’s Meeting with Haniyeh to Discourage Hamas from Normalizing with Regime,” The Syrian Observer, July 6, 2022. https://syrianobserver.com/news/77268/syrian-islamic-council-muftis-meeting-with-haniyeh-to-discourage-hamas-from-normalizing-with-regime.html
Khaled Abu Toameh, “Hamas wins Birzeit University student council elections,” Jerusalem Post, May 19, 2022. https://www.jpost.com/israel-news/article-707081
Ramy Aziz, “Egypt, Israel, and Hamas: Opportunities for Progress in Gaza,” Washington Institute for Near East Policy, April 19, 2022. https://www.washingtoninstitute.org/policy-analysis/egypt-israel-and-hamas-opportunities-progress-gaza
Yaakov Katz, “Hamas Doesn’t Need Sheikh Jarrah or Jerusalem to Start a War,” The Jerusalem Post, February 17, 2022. https://www.jpost.com/opinion/article-696874
Khaled Abu Toameh, “Palestinian online campaign blames Hamas for Gaza misery,” Jerusalem Post, January 29, 2022. https://www.jpost.com/middle-east/article-694921
2021
Hillel Frisch, “Hamas takeover of Gaza killed the two-state solution,” Jerusalem Institute for Strategy and Security, December 23, 2021. https://jiss.org.il/en/frisch-hamas-takeover-of-gaza-killed-the-two-state-solution/
Kobi Michael, “Israel’s Moment of Truth in Dealing with Hamas?” INSS, December 23, 2021. https://www.inss.org.il/publication/hamas-israel/
Makram Rabah, “The Palestinian refugee camp explosion shows that Hamas is in the pocket of Iran,” Al-Arabiya, December 19, 2021. https://english.alarabiya.net/views/2021/12/19/The-Palestinian-refugee-camp-explosion-shows-that-Hamas-is-in-the-pocket-of-Iran
Khaled Abu Toameh, “Hamas, PA responsible for crises, say Gazans – poll,” Jerusalem Post, December 24, 2021. https://www.jpost.com/middle-east/article-689610
Jonathan Schanzer, “The May 2021 Israel-Hamas war was a stress test for normalization,” Al-Arabiya, November 12, 2021. https://english.alarabiya.net/views/2021/11/12/The-May-2021-Israel-Hamas-war-was-a-stress-test-for-normalization
Khaled Abu Toameh, “PA steps up crackdown on Hamas, Islamic Jihad members,” Jerusalem Post, Novemeber 27, 2021. https://www.jpost.com/middle-east/pa-steps-up-crackdown-on-hamas-islamic-jihad-members-687136
Udi Dekel, “Hamas has its Own Logic. What is Israel’s Logic?” INSS, September 4, 2021. https://www.inss.org.il/publication/hamas-reason/
Khaled Abu Toameh, “Fatah-Hamas rift deepens as Abbas moves closer to US, Israel,” Jerusalem Post, August 31, 2021. https://www.jpost.com/middle-east/fatah-hamas-rift-deepens-as-abbas-moves-closer-to-us-israel-678264
David Wurmser, “The Hamas War Against Israel,” Jewish Policy Center, Summer 2021. https://www.jewishpolicycenter.org/2021/07/07/the-hamas-war-against-israel/
Amb. Alan Baker, “The Legal War: Hamas’ War Crimes and Israel’s Right to Self-Defense,” Jerusalem Center for Public Affairs, June 3, 2021. https://jcpa.org/article/the-legal-war-hamas-war-crimes-and-israels-right-to-self-defense/
Alex Grinberg, “Hamas After the Latest Round: A Total Failure or an Advantageous Opportunity,” Reut Group, June 17, 2021. https://www.reutgroup.org/Publications/The-Axis-of-Resistance-After-the-Last-Bout-of-Fighting
Ido Levy, “How Iran Fuels Hamas Terrorism,” Washington Institute for Near East Policy, June 1, 2021. https://www.washingtoninstitute.org/policy-analysis/how-iran-fuels-hamas-terrorism
Sarah Feuer, “The Real Impact of the War Between Hamas and Israel,” The National Interest, May 21, 2021. https://nationalinterest.org/feature/real-impact-war-between-hamas-and-israel-185917?page=0%2C1
Dore Gold, “Hamas is Acting as an Arm of Iranian Power,” Jerusalem Center for Public Affairs, May 18, 2021. https://jcpa.org/hamas-is-acting-as-an-arm-of-iranian-power/
David May and Jonathan Schanzer, “The truth about Hamas,” The Washington Examiner, May 20, 2021. https://www.washingtonexaminer.com/politics/the-truth-about-hamas
Gaith al-Omari, “Israel-Gaza Violence Means Biden Must Avoid Emboldening Hamas in Any Cease-Fire Deal,” Washington Institute for Near East Policy, May 18, 2021. https://www.washingtoninstitute.org/policy-analysis/israel-gaza-violence-means-biden-must-avoid-emboldening-hamas-any-cease-fire-deal
Yohanan Plesner, “Israel must differentiate between Hamas, Arab riots—opinion,” Jerusalem Post, May 20, 2021. https://www.jpost.com/opinion/israel-must-differentiate-between-hamas-arab-riots-opinion-668686
Grant Rumley and Neri Zilber, “A Military Assessment of the Israel-Hamas Conflict,” Washington Institute for Near East Policy, May 25, 2021. https://www.washingtoninstitute.org/policy-analysis/military-assessment-israel-hamas-conflict
Shoshana Solomon, “Israel’s political stalemate impacts economy more than Hamas rockets – Moody’s,” Times of Israel, May 20, 2021. https://www.timesofisrael.com/israels-political-stalemate-impacts-economy-more-than-hamas-rockets-moodys/
Kenneth Stein, “Hamas Charter totally rejects Israel and Zionism,” Center for Israel Education, May 27, 2021. https://israeled.org/hamas-charter-totally-rejects-israel-and-zionism/
Ben-Dror Yemini, “The truth about the Hamas terrorist organization,” Ynet News, May 18, 2021. https://www.ynetnews.com/article/ryFgHO11Yu
Katherine Bauer and Matthew Levitt, “Hamas Fields a Militant Electoral List: Implications for U.S.-Palestinian Ties,” Washington Institute for Near East Policy, April 21, 2021. https://www.washingtoninstitute.org/policy-analysis/hamas-fields-militant-electoral-list-implications-us-palestinian-ties
Oded Eran and Yohanon Tzoreff, “Possible Rapprochement between Fatah and Hamas: Is Israel Ready?” INSS, April 5, 2021. https://www.inss.org.il/publication/fatah-hamas/?offset=10&posts=1461&type=399
Gaith Al-Omari, “If Palestinian Elections Proceed, Hamas May Have the Upper Hand,” Washington Institute for Near East Policy, March 25, 2021. https://www.washingtoninstitute.org/policy-analysis/if-palestinian-elections-proceed-hamas-may-have-upper-hand
Haviv Rettig Gur, “In rocket war ‘for Al-Aqsa,’ Hamas has already won the Palestinian leadership,” Times of Israel, May 13, 2021. https://www.timesofisrael.com/in-rocket-war-for-al-aqsa-hamas-has-already-won-the-palestinian-leadership
2020
Gadi Eisenkot, “Israel’s greatest threat is not Hamas or Iran, but political infighting,” Ynet News, December 31, 2020. https://www.ynetnews.com/article/HyXx2foTw
Yohana Tzoreff, Kobi Michael, “A Discussion at INSS on Hamas Fatah Reconciliation Efforts, INSS, October 15, 2020. https://www.inss.org.il/publication/hamas-fatah-reconciliation/
Jehab Harb, “Phased Policy Alternatives Between Reunification and Separation [Hamas and PA],” Palestinian Center for Policy and Survey Research, July 2020. http://pcpsr.org/en/node/815
2019
Adnan Abu Amer, “How to read Hamas’ visit to Iran,” Al-Monitor, July 26, 2019. https://www.al-monitor.com/pulse/originals/2019/07/palestine-hamas-iran-relations-visit-delegation-war-us-syria.html
Hillel Frisch, “Ahead of the Bahrain Conference, Hamas Casts Its Lot with Iran,” BESA Center, June 18, 2019. https://besacenter.org/perspectives-papers/ahead-of-the-bahrain-conference-hamas-casts-its-lot-with-iran/
Ehud Yairi, “Israel’s Armistice with Hamas, Growing Tensions with Abbas,” The Washington institute for Near East Policy, April 24, 2019. https://www.washingtoninstitute.org/policy-analysis/view/israels-armistice-with-hamas-growing-tensions-with-abbas
Yaakov Lappin, “Hamas Is Willing to Risk War to Avoid Economic Collapse,” BESA Center, March 10, 2019. https://besacenter.org/perspectives-papers/hamas-is-willing-to-risk-war-to-avoid-economic-collapse/
Michael Barak, “Civil War? The rift between Fatah and Hamas, as seen on social media,” Moshe Dayan Center, February 7, 2019. https://dayan.org/content/civil-war-rift-between-fatah-and-hamas-seen-social-media
Yaakov Lapid, “Can Israel Defeat Hamas Without Toppling It?” BESA Center, February 21, 2019. https://besacenter.org/perspectives-papers/israel-defeat-hamas/
2018
Seth J. Frantzman, “How Hamas Brought Israel to the Brink of Election Chaos,” The National Interest, November 16, 2018. https://nationalinterest.org/blog/middle-east-watch/how-hamas-brought-israel-brink-election-chaos-36272
David Pollock, “New Polls Show Most Gazans Want Israeli Jobs, Not Hamas Mobs,” The Washington Institute for Near East Policy, October 29, 2018. https://www.washingtoninstitute.org/fikraforum/view/new-polls-show-most-gazans-want-jobs-not-mobs
Hillel Frisch, “What Is the Right Strategy with Hamas: Make Concessions or Fight?” BESA Center. September 27, 2018. https://besacenter.org/perspectives-papers/hamas-concessions-fight/
Giora Eiland, “What do the three players [Israel, Egypt, & Hamas] stand to gain from the Gaza ceasefire deal?” Ynet News, August 19, 2018. https://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-5331489,00.html
Maj. Gen. (res.) Gershon Hacohen, “The Israel-Hamas Deal: Escape from Oslo,” BESA Center, August 28, 2018. https://besacenter.org/perspectives-papers/israel-hamas-oslo/
Yaakov Lappin, “A Failure at State-Building, Hamas Sticks to Military Buildup in Gaza,” Begin-Sadat Center for Strategic Studies, July 23, 2018. https://besacenter.org/perspectives-papers/failure-state-building-hamas-sticks-to-military-buildup-in-gaza/
Gershon Hacohen, “Hamas’s Kite Terrorism: A Threat that Requires a Decisive Response,” Begin-Sadat Center for Strategic Studies, June 20, 2018. https://besacenter.org/perspectives-papers/hamas-kite-terrorism/
Amos Yadlin, “Hamas incites violence to hide its own shortcomings,” Ynet News, May 14, 2018. https://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-5260612,00.html
Haim Ramon, “It’s Time to end policy of coexistence with Hamas,” Ynet News, April 13, 2018. https://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-5225030,00.html
Daniel L. Byman, “Why Israel is stuck with Hamas,” Brookings Institute, March 19, 2018. https://www.brookings.edu/blog/order-from-chaos/2018/03/19/why-israel-is-stuck-with-hamas
2017
Maj. Gen. (res.) Gershon Hacohen, “Fatah-Hamas Reconciliation: Resistance as an Expression of Faith,” BESA Center, December 5, 2017. https://besacenter.org/perspectives-papers/fatah-hamas-reconciliation/
Muriel Asseburg, “The Fatah-Hamas Reconciliation Agreement of October 2017.” Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik Berlin, November 2017. https://www.swp-berlin.org/fileadmin/contents/products/comments/2017C44_ass.pdf
Ami Ayalon, Gilad Sher, Orni Petruschka, “Fatah-Hamas reconciliation: Both challenge and opportunity,” Y-Net, October 19, 2017. https://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-5030871,00.html
Yoni Ben Menachem, “A Fatah-Hamas Reconciliation. Has Anything Changed?” Jerusalem Center for Public Affairs, October 3, 2017. https://jcpa.org/article/fatah-hamas-reconciliation-anything-changed/
Yaron Schneider, “The Limits of Restraint: Hamas in Gaza and a Confrontation with Israel,” INSS, October 30, 2017. http://www.inss.org.il/publication/limits-restraint-hamas-gaza-confrontation-israel/?offset=0&posts=986&type=399
Avi Issacharoff, “Sick of running Gaza, Hamas may be aiming to switch to a Hezbollah-style role,” Times of Israel, October 1, 2017. https://www.timesofisrael.com/sick-of-running-gaza-hamas-may-be-aiming-to-switch-to-a-hezbollah-style-role/
Kobi Michael, Liran Ofek and Gilead Sher, “Hamas: Toward Palestinian Reconciliation, or Abdication of Government Responsibility?” INSS, September 24, 2017. http://www.inss.org.il/publication/hamas-toward-palestinian-reconciliation-abdication-governmental-responsibility/?offset=4&posts=976&type=399
Michael Segall, “Iran and Hamas Reconnect,” Jerusalem Center for Public Affairs, September 25, 2017. http://jcpa.org/article/iran-hamas-reconnect/
David Pollock, “The Palestinian Public’s Tough Choices: On Violence, Instability, Hamas, “Jewish State,” The Washington Institute for Near East Studies, June 2017. http://www.washingtoninstitute.org/fikraforum/view/the-palestinian-publics-tough-choices-on-violence-instability-hamas-jewish
Raz Zimmer, “No More Palestinian than the Palestinians: Iranians React to the Hamas Revised Charter,” Dayan Center for Middle Eastern and African Studies – Beehive Middle East Social Media, June 7, 2017. http://dayan.org/content/no-more-palestinian-palestinians-iranians-react-hamas-revised-charter
Rasha Abou Jalal, “What’s behind Abbas’ recent threats to Hamas? Al-Monitor, May 15, 2017. www.al-monitor.com/pulse/originals/2017/05/palestine-abbas-threats-hamas-gaza-trump-visit.html
Udi Dekel, “Hamas’s New Statement of Principles: A Political Opportunity for Israel?,” INSS, May 14, 2017. www.inss.org.il/publication/hamass-new-statement-principles-political-opportunity-israel/?offset=6&posts=932&type=399
Shlomo Brom and Ofir Winter, “Israel and the New Leaf in Egypt-Hamas Relations,” INSS, February 16, 2017. https://www.inss.org.il/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/898.pdf
Raphael S. Cohen, David E. Johnson, David E. Thaler, Brenna Allen, Elizabeth M. Bartels, James Cahill, Shira Efron, “Lessons from Israel’s Wars in Gaza,” RAND Corporation, January 2017. https://www.rand.org/pubs/research_briefs/RB9975.html
2016
Hani Al-Masri, “Hamas faces bitter options,” Middle East Monitor, March 29, 2016. https://www.middleeastmonitor.com/20160329-hamas-faces-bitter-options/
Shlomi Eldar, “The morning after: What happens to Gaza if Hamas is toppled?,” Al-Monitor, August 2016. http://www.al-monitor.com/pulse/originals/2016/08/avigdor-liberman-plan-hamas-ngo-humanitarian-aid-gaza-strip.html
Khaled Abu Toameh, “Hamas, Palestinian Authority Target Journalists Ahead of Election,” Gatestone Institute, August 23, 2016. https://www.gatestoneinstitute.org/8738/hamas-palestinian-journalists
Grant Rumley, “Hamas Vows to Join Municipal Elections, but Obstacles Remain,” Foundation for Defense of Democracies, July 19, 2016. http://www.defenddemocracy.org/media-hit/grant-rumley-hamas-vows-to-join-municipal-elections-but-obstacles-remain/
Efraim Inbar, “No One-Shot Solution to the Hamas Challenge,” BESA, June 30, 2016. http://besacenter.org/perspectives-papers/no-one-shot-solution-hamas-challenge/
Nadav Pollak, “Hamas Is Testing Israel Once Again,” The Washington Institute for Near East Policy, April 22, 2016. http://www.washingtoninstitute.org/policy-analysis/view/hamas-is-testing-israel-once-again
Amos Yadlin, “Past Lessons and Future Objectives: A Preemptive Strike on Hamas Tunnels,” INSS Insight, February 15, 2016. https://www.inss.org.il/publication/past-lessons-and-future-objectives-a-preemptive-strike-on-hamas-tunnels/
2015
Ehud Yaari, “Hamas and the Islamic State: Growing Cooperation in the Sinai,” Washington Institute for Near East Policy, December 15, 2015. http://www.washingtoninstitute.org/policy-analysis/view/hamas-and-the-islamic-state-growing-cooperation-in-the-sinai
Uri Savir, “Israel, Hamas negotiate, but truce still far off.” Al-Monitor, June 30, 2015. http://www.al-monitor.com/pulse/originals/2015/06/israel-hamas-truce-negotiations-egypt-netanyahu.html
Benedetta Berti, “Hamas’s Islamic State Woes,” Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, May 28, 2015. https://carnegieendowment.org/sada/60238
Yoram Schweitzer, “Hamas and the Islamic State Organization: Toward a Head-On Collision in the Gaza Strip?” INSS Insight, May 17, 2015. https://www.inss.org.il/publication/hamas-and-the-islamic-state-organization-toward-a-head-on-collision-in-the-gaza-strip/
Gabi Siboni and A. G., “Military Lessons for Hamas from Operation Protective Edge.” INSS Insight, May 21, 2015. https://www.inss.org.il/wp-content/uploads/systemfiles/No.%20700%20-%20Gabi%20and%20A.G.%20for%20web156732601.pdf
Grant Rumley, “Hamas Triumphs in Election at Flagship West Bank University.” Foundation for Defense of Democracies. April 23, 2015. http://www.defenddemocracy.org/media-hit/grant-rumley-hamas-triumphs-in-election-at-flagship-west-bank-university/
Avi Issacharoff, “Hamas digs new terror tunnels up to, but not across, border.” Times of Israel. March 25, 2015. http://www.timesofisrael.com/hamas-rebuilding-tunnels-near-but-not-across-border-sources/
Ahmed Melhelm, “The deepening rift between Fatah and Hamas,” al-Monitor. March 20, 2015. http://www.al-monitor.com/pulse/originals/2015/03/palestine-hamas-fatah-plo-accusations.html
Orit Perlov, “Israel, Hamas and Hizbollah on a Collision Course: Undesirable yet Inevitable.” Institute for National Security Studies. March 16, 2015. https://www.inss.org.il/publication/israel-hamas-and-hizbollah-on-a-collision-course-undesirable-yet-inevitable/
Khalil Shikaki, “Can Hamas Moderate? Insights from Palestinian Politics during 2005-2011,” Palestinian Center for Policy and Survey Research, January 2015. https://www.pcpsr.org/sites/default/files/Can%20Hamas%20moderateJan2015.pdf
2014
Pinhas Inbari, “Hamas and Muslim Brotherhood Have Their Sights on the West Bank and Jordan.” Jerusalem Center for Public Affairs. December 23, 2014. http://jcpa.org/article/hamas-sights-on-west-bank/
Lt. Col. (ret.) Jonathan D. Halevi, “Hamas Embraces the Path of the Islamic State (ISIS)” Jerusalem Center for Public Affairs. November 30, 2014. http://jcpa.org/pdf/Hamas-Embraces-the-Path-of-the-Islamic-State-ISIS-Jonathan-Halevi-Vol14No38.pdf
Burak Bekdil. “Turkey’s Love Affair with Hamas.” Middle East Forum. October 19, 2014. http://www.meforum.org/4866/turkey-love-affair-with-hamas
Grant Rumley. “Jordan’s Muslim Brotherhood Seeks Help from Hamas.” Foundation for Defense of Democracies. October 21, 2014. http://www.defenddemocracy.org/media-hit/grant-rumley-jordans-muslim-brotherhood-seeks-help-from-hamas/
Yaacov Amidror, “We Have to Be Prepared (with Hamas).” BESA Center. September 15, 2014. http://besacenter.org/perspectives-papers/prepared/
Lt. Col. (ret.) Jonathan D. Halevi, “Hamas Policy after Operation Protective Edge,” Jerusalem Center for Public Affairs, September 28, 2014. http://jcpa.org/article/hamas-policy/
Rami G. Khoury, “Shameful Hamas-Fatah Behavior Must Stop,” Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs,September 20, 2014. https://www.belfercenter.org/publication/shameful-hamas-fateh-behavior-must-stop
Robert Satloff, and Ehud Yaari. “Gaza and Beyond: The Arab-Israeli Arena in the Wake of the Hamas War.” The Washington Institute for Near East Peace. September 11, 2014. http://www.washingtoninstitute.org/policy-analysis/view/gaza-and-beyond-the-arab-israeli-arena-in-the-wake-of-the-hamas-war
Amos Yadlin, “Dealing with Hamas? Military Force Reconstruction.” INSS Insight. September 11, 2014. https://www.inss.org.il/wp-content/uploads/systemfiles/No.%20606%20-%20Amos%20for%20web.pdf
Ofra Bengio, “Meet the Kurds, a Historically Oppressed People Who Will Get Their Own State While Hamas Fires Rockets, and ISIS Beheads Unbelievers, the Kurds Build the Second Non-Arab State in the Middle East.” Tablet Magazine. August 14, 2014. http://www.tabletmag.com/jewish-news-and-politics/182042/kurdish-independence
Udi Dekel, “Is Israel Facing a War of Attrition against Hamas?” INSS Insight. August 13, 2014. https://www.inss.org.il/publication/is-israel-facing-a-war-of-attrition-against-hamas/
Jeffrey Herf, “Why They Fight: Hamas’ Too-Little-Known Facist Charter.” The American Interest. August 01, 2014. http://www.the-american-interest.com/articles/2014/08/01/why-they-fight-hamas-too-little-known-fascist-charter/
Irwin J. Mansdorf, “Unseen Scars of War: Psychological Consequences of the Hamas Attacks on the Israeli Civilian Population.” Jerusalem Center For Public Affairs. July 20, 2014. http://jcpa.org/article/unseen-scars-of-war-psychological-consequences/#sthash.4p9hbG2C.dpuf
Abdel Moneim Said, “Let’s Be Frank about Hamas and Gaza.” Ahram Weekly. August 07, 2014.
Yoram Schweitzer, “After Operation Protective Edge: Hamas’ Sense of What It Achieved.” INSS Insight. August 07, 2014. https://www.files.ethz.ch/isn/182765/No.%20586%20-%20Yoram%20for%20web.pdf
Ken Stein, “Hamas Doctrine: Detest Israel – Part I Hamas Doctrine: Detest Israel – Part I ‘On Opposing Agreements, Negotiations, or Recognition of Israel’,” Times of Israel. August 03, 2014. http://blogs.timesofisrael.com/315204/
Ken Stein, “Hamas Doctrine: Detest Israel – Part II ‘On Israel and Israel’s Illegitimacy’,” The Times of Israel. August 04, 2014. http://blogs.timesofisrael.com/hamas-doctrine-detest-israel-part-ii/
Ken Stein, “Hamas Doctrine: Detest Israel – Part III ‘Hamas-principles for the Liberation of Palestine and Jihad against Zionism’,” The Times of Israel. August 06, 2014. http://blogs.timesofisrael.com/hamas-doctrine-detest-israel-part-iii/
Eyal Zisser, “Hamas Lost Big,” Israel Hayom. August 03, 2014.
Elliot Abrams, “Why Did Hamas Provoke a War?,” Center for Foreign Relations Blog. July 09, 2014. https://www.cfr.org/blog/why-did-hamas-provoke-war
Yaacov Amidor, “The War with Hamas: Decision Time Approaching,” BESA Center. July 24, 2014. https://besacenter.org/war-hamas-decision-time-approaching/
Harel Chorev, “Hamas–Charting a New Strategic Course of Action,” Moshe Dayan Center for Middle Eastern and African Studies. July 10, 2014. https://dayan.org/content/tel-aviv-notes-hamas-charting-new-strategic-course-action
Udi Dekel. “Israel-Hamas: Conditions for a Stable Ceasefire,” INSS Insight. July 17, 2014. https://www.inss.org.il/publication/israel-hamas-conditions-for-a-stable-ceasefire/
Shai Feldman, “Five Early Lessons from the Israel-Hamas War.” Crown Center for Middle East Studies, Brandeis University. July 14, 2014. http://nationalinterest.org/feature/five-early-lessons-the-israel-hamas-war-10871
Professor Hillel Frisch, “Hit Hamas Hard to Create a Different Balance Against Islamic Terrorism.” BESA Center. July 19, 2014. http://besacenter.org/perspectives-papers/hit-hamas-hard-create-different-strategic-balance-islamic-terrorism/
Jeffrey Goldberg, “What Exactly Is Hamas Trying to Prove?” The Atlantic. July 13, 2014. http://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2014/07/what-exactly-is-hamas-trying-to-prove/374342/
Aaron David Miller, “Stay Home and Stay Out of This Fight.” Foreign Policy. July 08, 2014. https://foreignpolicy.com/2014/07/08/stay-home-and-stay-out-of-this-fight/
Lt. (ret.) Dr. Jacque Neriah, “Egypt, Israel and Hamas — the Impossible Equation.” Jerusalem Center For Public Affairs. July 27, 2014. http://jcpa.org/egypt-israel-hamas-impossible-equation/
Michael Oren, “Israel Must Be Permitted to Crush Hamas.” Washington Post. July 24, 2014. http://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/michael-oren-israel-must-be-permitted-to-crush-hamas/2014/07/24/bd9967fc-1350-11e4-9285-4243a40ddc97_story.html
David D. Patrick, “Arab Leaders Viewing Hamas as Worse than Israel, Stay Silent, New York Times.” New York Times. July 30, 2014. http://www.nytimes.com/2014/07/31/world/middleeast/fighting-political-islam-arab-states-find-themselves-allied-with-israel.html?_r=0
Pew Research Global Attitudes Project, “Concerns About Islamic Extremism on the Rise in the Middle East—Negative Opinions of Al-Qaeda, Hamas and Hezbollah.” Pew Global. July 01, 2014. http://www.pewglobal.org/2014/07/01/concerns-about-islamic-extremism-on-the-rise-in-middle-east/
David Pollock, “Gaza Public Rejects Hamas, Wants Ceasefire.” Washington Institute for Near East Policy. July 15, 2014. https://www.washingtoninstitute.org/policy-analysis/gaza-public-rejects-hamas-wants-ceasefire
Daniel Mandel, “Obama’s Outrageous Decision to Fund Hamas-Aligned Palestinian Regime.” The Algemeiner. June 08, 2014. http://www.algemeiner.com/2014/06/08/obamas-outrageous-decision-to-fund-hamas-aligned-palestinian-regime/
Pnina Sharvit Baruch, “The Fight against Hamas: The Legal Angle.” INSS Insight. June 27, 2014. https://www.inss.org.il/publication/the-fight-against-hamas-the-legal-angle/
Ehud Yaari, “Hamas Opts for the Hezbollah Model.” Washington Institute for Near East Policy. June 03, 2014. http://www.washingtoninstitute.org/policy-analysis/view/hamas-opts-for-the-hezbollah-model
Neri Zilber, “Hamas on the Ropes.” Washington Institute for Near East Policy. June 26, 2014. https://www.washingtoninstitute.org/policy-analysis/hamas-ropes
Adnan Abu Amer, “Hamas’ Abu Marzouk Says Recognizing Israel a ‘Red Line’” Al-Monitor. May 13, 2014. http://www.al-monitor.com/pulse/originals/2014/05/interview-abu-marzouk-hamas-israel-fatah-reconciliation.html
Shoshana Bryen, “Hamas Tells Israel, ‘No Hope’” American Thinker. May 08, 2014. http://www.americanthinker.com/2014/05/hamas_tells_israel_no_hope.html
Lt. Col. (ret.) Jonathan D. Halevi, “Palestinian Reconciliation and the Rising Power of Hamas and Islamic Jihad: An Iranian Windfall.” JCPA. May 14, 2014. http://jcpa.org/article/palestinian-reconciliation-and-the-rising-power-of-hamas/#sthash.wjXZzVAO.dpuf
Jonathan Schanzer, “Hamas Participation In Palestinian Government Likely Won’t Trigger Cut-Off.” Foundation for Defense of Democracies. June 02, 2014. https://www.fdd.org/analysis/2014/06/01/hamas-participation-in-palestinian-government-likely-wont-trigger-cut-off/
Benedetta Berti and Shlomo Brom, “The Erosion of the Israel-Hamas Ceasefire in Gaza.” INSS Insight. April 06, 2014. https://www.inss.org.il/publication/the-erosion-of-the-israel-hamas-ceasefire-in-gaza/
Adan Abu Amer, “Hamas, Jordan Probe Possibility of Better Ties.” Al-Monitor. March 31, 2014. http://www.al-monitor.com/pulse/originals/2014/03/jordan-hamas-palestine-relations-amman.html
Ehud Yaari. “The New Triangle of Egypt, Israel, and Hamas.” Washington Institute for Near East Policy. N.p., 17 Jan. 2014. Web. 04 Feb. 2014. http://www.washingtoninstitute.org/policy-analysis/view/the-new-triangle-of-egypt-israel-and-hamas
2013
Ehud Yaari. “The Call for Rebellion against Hamas in Gaza.” Washington Institute for Near East Policy. November 8, 2013. http://www.washingtoninstitute.org/policy-analysis/view/the-call-for-rebellion-against-hamas-in-gaza
Hanin Ghaddar, “The Marriage and Divorce of Hamas and Hezbollah,” Wilson Center, August 26, 2013. https://www.wilsoncenter.org/article/the-marriage-and-divorce-hamas-and-hezbollah
Jonathan Schanzer, “How Hamas Lost the Arab Spring After drifting away from Syria and Iran, the movement faces an uncertain future,” The Atlantic, June 21, 2013. http://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2013/06/how-hamas-lost-the-arab-spring/277102/
Julio de la Guardia, “The emergence of Hamas as a regional political actor,” El Cano Royal Institute, February 27, 2013. https://www.realinstitutoelcano.org/en/analyses/the-emergence-of-hamas-as-a-regional-political-actor/
2012
Whitney Eulich, “With Hamas’s confidence waxing, Khaled Meshaal arrives in Gaza,” Christian Science Monitor, December 7, 2012. https://www.csmonitor.com/World/Security-Watch/terrorism-security/2012/1207/With-Hamas-s-confidence-waxing-Khaled-Meshaal-arrives-in-Gaza
Assaf David, “How Well Do We Know Hamas,” Molad, December 11, 2012. http://www.molad.org/en/articles/how-well-do-we-know-hamas
Naomi Westland and Lia Tarachansky, “Israeli army, Hamas military tap power of social media,” USA Today, November 21, 2012. https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/world/2012/11/21/israel-gaza-social-media/1719981/
Ulrike Putz, “Hamas Can Replenish Arsenal — If Egypt Lets It,” Spiegel International, November 20, 2012. https://www.spiegel.de/international/world/analysis-of-hamas-military-capability-after-six-day-conflict-with-israel-a-868353.html
Nidal al-Mughrabi, “Analysis: Hamas finds cause to smile under Israeli assault,” Reuters, November 18, 2012. https://www.reuters.com/article/us-palestinians-israel-hamas-analysis/analysis-hamas-finds-cause-to-smile-under-israeli-assault-idUSBRE8AH0G720121118
2011
Lucy Kurtzer-Ellenbogen, “Palestinian Reconciliation [between Fatah and Hamas],” United States Institute of Peace, May 3, 2011. https://www.usip.org/publications/2011/05/palestinian-reconciliation
Katherine Faley and Gisue Mehdi, “Iran-Hamas Relationship Tracker 2011,” Critical Threats, January 13, 2011. https://www.criticalthreats.org/analysis/iran-hamas-relationship-tracker-2011
2010
Congressional Research Service staff, “Hamas: Background and Issues for Congress,” Congressional Research Service, December 2, 2010. https://crsreports.congress.gov/product/pdf/R/R41514
Are Hovdenak, “Hamas in Gaza: Preparing for Long-term Control?,” Peace Research Institute Oslo, November 2010. https://cdn.cloud.prio.org/files/867b40b8-1304-4704-9e96-0ced96621ec4/Hovednak%202010%20Hamas%20in%20Gaza%20PRIO%20Policy%20Brief%2011-2010.pdf?inline=true
Mahmoud Jaraba, “Hamas and the Peace Process: Part of the Problem or Part of the Solution?,” Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, November 10, 2010. https://carnegieendowment.org/sada/41916
Dag Tuastad, “The Hudna: Hamas’s Concept of a Long-Term Ceasefire,” Peace Research Institute Oslo, September 2010. https://cdn.cloud.prio.org/files/cf1699b6-9e6e-4cff-9c68-467c58d0968f/The%20Hudna%20-%20PRIO%20Policy%20Brief%2009-2010.pdf?inline=true
Daniel Byman, “How to Handle Hamas,” Brookings Institute (originally in Foreign Affairs), August 25, 2010. https://www.brookings.edu/articles/how-to-handle-hamas/
Kerry Harris, Michael Adkins, Cody Curran, Katherine Faley, Laura Fish, James Gallagher, Patrick Knapp, Michal Toiba and Katherine Zimmerman, “Iran-Hamas Relationship Tracker 2010,” Critical Threat, June 16, 2010. https://www.criticalthreats.org/analysis/iran-hamas-relationship-tracker-2010
Are Hovdenak, “The Public Services under Hamas in Gaza: Islamic Revolution or Crisis Management?,” Peace Research Institute Oslo, March 2010. https://cdn.cloud.prio.org/files/1ab44969-bc0b-48f6-b730-7a8e01eb0e08/The_Public_Services_under_Hamas_in_Gaza.pdf?inline=true
Pew Research Center staff, “Mixed Views of Hamas and Hezbollah in Largely Muslim Nations,” Pew Research Center, February 4, 2010. https://www.pewresearch.org/global/2010/02/04/mixed-views-of-hamas-and-hezbollah-in-largely-muslim-nations/
2009
NBC News staff, “What about Hamas? Question snarls peace bid,” NBC News, October 7, 2009. https://www.nbcnews.com/id/wbna33204281
Carl Brown, “Book review of ‘Kill Khalid: The Failed Mossad Assassination of Khalid Mishal and the Rise of Hamas’,” Foreign Affairs, September 1, 2009. https://www.foreignaffairs.com/reviews/capsule-review/2009-09-01/kill-khalid-failed-mossad-assassination-khalid-mishal-and-rise
Paul Scham and Osama Abu-Irshaid, “Hamas: Ideological Rigidity and Political Flexibility,” United States Institute of Peace, June 2009. https://www.usip.org/sites/default/files/Special%20Report%20224_Hamas.pdf
Kristen Chick, “Briefing: The motives and aims of Hamas,” Christian Science Monitor, May 13, 2009. https://www.csmonitor.com/World/Middle-East/2009/0513/p06s19-wome.html
Charlie Szrom, “Iran-Hamas Relationship in 2008,” Critical Threats, February 18, 2009. https://www.criticalthreats.org/analysis/iran-hamas-relationship-in-2008
Jonathan Fighel, “Hamas, Al-Qaeda and the Islamisation of the Palestinian Cause,” Elcano Royal Institute, January 30, 2009. https://www.realinstitutoelcano.org/en/analyses/hamas-al-qaeda-and-the-islamisation-of-the-palestinian-cause-ari/
Andrew Tabler and Simon Henderson, “Tough Choice on Hamas Prompt Arab Disarray,” Washington Institute for Near East Policy, January 27, 2009. https://www.washingtoninstitute.org/policy-analysis/tough-choices-hamas-prompt-arab-disarray
Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs staff, “The Hamas War Against Israel: Statements by Israeli leaders,” Ministry of Foreign Affairs, January 18, 2009 (updated August 8, 2021). https://www.gov.il/en/Departments/General/the-hamas-war-against-israel-statements-by-israeli-leaders
Robert Ehrenfeld, “Where Hamas Gets Its Money,” Forbes, January 16, 2009. https://www.forbes.com/2009/01/16/gaza-hamas-funding-oped-cx_re_0116ehrenfeld.html?sh=4a7c6af87afb
Bernard Gwertzman, “Iran Supports Hamas, but Hamas Is No Iranian ’Puppet’,” Council on Foreign Relations, January 7, 2009. https://www.cfr.org/interview/iran-supports-hamas-hamas-no-iranian-puppet
Alex Altman, “Hamas Leader Khaled Mashaal,” TIME Magazine, January 4, 2009. https://content.time.com/time/world/article/0,8599,1869481,00.html
Floor Janssen, “Hamas and its Positions Towards Israel,” Netherlands Institute of International Relations Clingendael (academic paper), January 2009. https://www.clingendael.org/sites/default/files/2016-02/20090200_cscp_security_paper_jansen.pdf
2008
Matthew Levitt, “Holding Hamas Accountable,” The Forward, December 31, 2008. https://forward.com/opinion/14845/holding-hamas-accountable-03079/
Anav Silverman, “Hamas’s Winning Media Strategy,” Sderot Media, December 30, 2008. https://sderotmedia.com/hamass-winning-media-strategy/2137/
Jeffrey White, “Operation Cast Lead: Israel’s Assault on Hamas,” Washington Institute for Near East Policy, December 29, 2008. https://www.washingtoninstitute.org/policy-analysis/operation-cast-lead-israels-assault-hamas
Jeffrey White, “West Bank Hardball: Fatah’s Offensive Against Hamas,” Washington Institute for Near East Policy, December 9, 2008. https://www.washingtoninstitute.org/policy-analysis/west-bank-hardball-fatahs-offensive-against-hamas
Mohammad Yaghi, “Reconciling with Hamas?: Abbas’s Hedge Against a Failed Peace Process,” Washington Institute for Near East Policy/Los Angeles Times, June 18, 2008. https://www.washingtoninstitute.org/policy-analysis/reconciling-hamas-abbass-hedge-against-failed-peace-process
Associated Press staff, “Hamas offers truce in return for 1967 borders,” NBC News, April 21, 2008. https://www.nbcnews.com/id/wbna24235665
Robert Satloff, “The False Hope of Embracing Hamas,” Washington Institute for Near East Policy/Los Angeles Times, April 21, 2008. https://www.washingtoninstitute.org/policy-analysis/false-hope-embracing-hamas
Matthew Levitt, “Carter’s Role In Legitimizing Hamas,” CBS News/Weekly Standard, April 16, 2008. https://www.cbsnews.com/news/carters-role-in-legitimizing-hamas/
Robert Satloff, “The Hamas Dilemma: A Debate on Alternative Strategies,” Washington Institute for Near East Policy, March 26, 2008. https://www.washingtoninstitute.org/policy-analysis/hamas-dilemma-debate-alternative-strategies
Nidal al-Mughrabi, “Inspired by God, Hamas fighters battle on,” Reuters, March 4, 2008. https://www.reuters.com/article/us-palestinians-israel-fighter/inspired-by-god-hamas-fighters-battle-on-idUSL0312451520080304
Matthew Levitt, “Hamas in the Spotlight,” Washington Institute for Near East Policy, February 28, 2008. https://www.washingtoninstitute.org/policy-analysis/hamas-spotlight
2007
Haim Malka, “Hamas: Resistance and the Transformation of Palestinian Society” (chapter from book), Center for Strategic a& International Studies, December 28, 2007. https://csis-website-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/s3fs-public/legacy_files/files/publication/071228_haimmalka.pdf
Mohammad Yaghi, “Hamas’s Authoritarian Regime in Gaza,” Washington Institute for Near East Policy, September 13, 2007. https://www.washingtoninstitute.org/policy-analysis/hamass-authoritarian-regime-gaza
Nick Francona, “Hamas’s Military Capabilities after the Gaza Takeover,” Washington Institute for Near East Policy/Los Angeles Times, August 27, 2007. https://www.washingtoninstitute.org/policy-analysis/hamass-military-capabilities-after-gaza-takeover
Matthew Levitt, “Undercutting a Culture of Militancy: Designating Hamas Charities,” Washington Institute for Near East Policy/Los Angeles Times, August 8, 2007. https://www.washingtoninstitute.org/policy-analysis/undercutting-culture-militancy-designating-hamas-charities
Matthew Levitt, “Hamas’s Hidden Economy,” Washington Institute for Near East Policy/Los Angeles Times, July 3, 2007. https://www.washingtoninstitute.org/policy-analysis/hamass-hidden-economy
Associated Press staff, “Abbas vows to protect West Bank from Hamas,” NBC News, June 20, 2007. https://www.nbcnews.com/id/wbna19335843
Mohammad Yaghi and Ben Fishman, “Hamas’s Coup and the Challenges Ahead for Fatah,” Washington Institute for Near East Policy, June 19, 2007. https://www.washingtoninstitute.org/policy-analysis/hamass-coup-and-challenges-ahead-fatah
Robert Satloff, “Hamas and the Second Six Day War: Implications, Challenges, and Opportunities,” Washington Institute for Near East Policy, June 18, 2007. https://www.washingtoninstitute.org/policy-analysis/hamas-and-second-six-day-war-implications-challenges-and-opportunities
Dennis Ross, “The Specter of ‘Hamastan’: More Must Be Done to Counter Islamist Gains in Gaza,” Washington Institute for Near East Policy, June 4, 2007. https://www.washingtoninstitute.org/policy-analysis/specter-hamastan-more-must-be-done-counter-islamist-gains-gaza
Khalil Shikaki, “With Hamas in Power: Impact of Palestinian Domestic Developments on Options for the Peace Process” working paper, Brandeis University, February 2007, https://www.brandeis.edu/crown/publications/working-papers/pdfs/wp1.pdf
Mohammad Yaghi, “Hamas’s Victory: From Gaza to Mecca,” Washington Institute for Near East Policy, February 16, 2007. https://www.washingtoninstitute.org/policy-analysis/hamass-victory-gaza-mecca
Matthew Levitt, “Teaching Terror: How Hamas Radicalizes Palestinian Society,” Washington Institute for Near East Policy, February 12, 2007. https://www.washingtoninstitute.org/policy-analysis/teaching-terror-how-hamas-radicalizes-palestinian-society
Mohammad Yaghi, “Palestinian Public Opinion a Year after Hamas’s Victory,” Washington Institute for Near East Policy, January 30, 2007. https://www.washingtoninstitute.org/policy-analysis/palestinian-public-opinion-year-after-hamass-victory
Ghaith al-Omari, Mohammad Yaghi, Dennis Ross, “Hamas vs. Fatah: Is Confrontation Inevitable?,” Washington Institute for Near East Policy, January 22, 2007. https://www.washingtoninstitute.org/policy-analysis/hamas-vs-fatah-confrontation-inevitable
2006
Adam Davidson, “Hamas: Government or Terrorist Organization?,” NPR, December 6, 2006. https://www.npr.org/2006/12/06/6583080/hamas-government-or-terrorist-organization
Shimon Peres, “Israel’s War against Hizballah and Its Battle against Hamas,” Washington Institute for Near East Policy, August 2, 2006. https://www.washingtoninstitute.org/policy-analysis/israels-war-against-hizballah-and-its-battle-against-hamas
Moshe Yaalon, David Makovsky and Dennis Ross, “Hamas and Israel: From Isolation to Confrontation,” Washington Institute for Near East Policy, July 20, 2006. https://www.washingtoninstitute.org/policy-analysis/hamas-and-israel-isolation-confrontation
David Schenker, “Syria, Hamas, and the Gaza Crisis,” Washington Institute for Near East Policy, July 10, 2006. https://www.washingtoninstitute.org/policy-analysis/syria-hamas-and-gaza-crisis
David Makovsky, “How to Deali with the challenge from Hamas,” Washington Institute for Near East Policy, May 12, 2006. https://www.washingtoninstitute.org/policy-analysis/how-deal-challenge-hamas
Ben Fishman, “Funding Alternatives to Hamas,” Washington Institute for Near East Policy, May 2, 2006. https://www.washingtoninstitute.org/policy-analysis/funding-alternatives-hamas
Robert Satloff, “Hobbling Hamas: Moving Beyond the U.S. Policy of Three No’s,” Washington Institute for Near East Policy, April 3, 2006. https://www.washingtoninstitute.org/policy-analysis/hobbling-hamas-moving-beyond-us-policy-three-nos
Matthew Levitt, “Hamas: Politics, Charity, and Terrorism in the Service of Jihad,” Washington Institute for Near East Policy, April 1, 2006. https://www.washingtoninstitute.org/policy-analysis/hamas-politics-charity-and-terrorism-service-jihad
Martin Kramer, “Power Will Not Moderate Hamas,” Washington Institute for Near East Policy, March 27, 2006. https://www.washingtoninstitute.org/policy-analysis/power-will-not-moderate-hamas
Michael Herzog, “Target Aid to Help Hamas Fail,” Washington Institute for Near East Policy, March 8, 2006. https://www.washingtoninstitute.org/policy-analysis/target-aid-help-hamas-fail
Patrick Clawson and David Makovsky, “Responding to Hamas’s Triumph,” Washington Institute for Near East Policy, March 3, 2006. https://www.washingtoninstitute.org/policy-analysis/responding-hamass-triumph-0
Michael Herzog, “Can Hamas Be Tamed?,” Washington Institute for Near East Policy, March 1, 2006. https://www.washingtoninstitute.org/policy-analysis/can-hamas-be-tamed
Robert Satloff, “Hamas Triumphant: Implications for Security, Politics, Economy, and Strategy,” Washington Institute for Near East Policy, February 17, 2006. https://www.washingtoninstitute.org/policy-analysis/hamas-triumphant-implications-security-politics-economy-and-strategy
Moshe Yaalon, “The Security Implications of a Hamas-Led Palestinian Authority,” Washington Institute for Near East Policy, February 16, 2006. https://www.washingtoninstitute.org/policy-analysis/security-implications-hamas-led-palestinian-authority
Dennis Ross, “United States Must Focus on Getting Hamas to ‘Transform Itself’ and Accept Israel’s Right to Exist,” Washington Institute for Near East Policy, February 15, 2006. https://www.washingtoninstitute.org/policy-analysis/united-states-must-focus-getting-hamas-transform-itself-and-accept-israels-right
Alexandra Silver, “Hamas’ Leaders,” Council on Foreign Relations, February 8, 2006. https://www.cfr.org/backgrounder/hamas-leaders
Paul Owen and agencies, “Hamas Sets Out Conditions for Peace,” The Guardian, February 8, 2006. https://www.theguardian.com/world/2006/feb/08/israel1
Dennis Ross, “Give Hamas Nothing for Free,” Washington Institute for Near East Policy, February 5, 2006. https://www.washingtoninstitute.org/policy-analysis/give-hamas-nothing-free
David Makovsky, “Keep Up the Pressure on Hamas,” Washington Institute for Near East Policy, February 3, 2006. https://www.washingtoninstitute.org/policy-analysis/keep-pressure-hamas
Christopher Hitchens, “Suicide Voters: How Hamas dooms Palestine,” Slate, January 30, 2006. https://slate.com/news-and-politics/2006/01/how-hamas-dooms-palestine.html
Aljazeera staff, “Hamas: The New Political Force,” Aljazeera, January 26, 2006. https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2006/1/26/hamas-the-new-political-force
Robert Satloff, “Hamas’s Rise and Israel’s Choice,” Washington Institute for Near East Policy, January 26, 2006. https://www.washingtoninstitute.org/policy-analysis/hamass-rise-and-israels-choice
David Makovsky, “Don’t Make Exceptions for Hamas,” Washington Institute for Near East Policy, January 24, 2006. https://www.washingtoninstitute.org/policy-analysis/dont-make-exceptions-hamas
2005
Meir Litvak, “The Anti-Semitism of Hamas,” Palestine-Israel Journal of Politics, Economics and Culture, December 2005. https://pij.org/articles/345/the-antisemitism-of-hamas
Jamie Chosak and Julie Sawyer, “Hamas’s Tactics: Lessons from Recent Attacks,” Washington Institute for Near East Policy, October 19, 2005. https://www.washingtoninstitute.org/policy-analysis/hamass-tactics-lessons-recent-attacks
Metthew Levitt, “A Hamas Headquarters in Saudi Arabia?,” Washington Institute for Near East Policy, September 28, 2005. https://www.washingtoninstitute.org/policy-analysis/hamas-headquarters-saudi-arabia
Michael Herzog, “A Wind in Hamas’s Sails: Palestinian Militants Gather Post-Disengagement Momentum,” Washington Institute for Near East Policy, September 13, 2005. https://www.washingtoninstitute.org/policy-analysis/wind-hamass-sails-palestinian-militants-gather-post-disengagement-momentum
David Makovsky, “Toward a Quartet Position on Hamas: European Rules on Banning Political Parties,” Washington Institute for Near East Policy, September 12, 2005. https://www.washingtoninstitute.org/policy-analysis/toward-quartet-position-hamas-european-rules-banning-political-parties
Matthew Levitt, “Undermining Hamas and Empowering Moderates by Filling the Humanitarian Void,” Washington Institute for Near East Policy, September 7, 2005. https://www.washingtoninstitute.org/policy-analysis/undermining-hamas-and-empowering-moderates-filling-humanitarian-void
Ben Fishman and Mohammad Yaghi, “To Stay in the Game, Hamas Has To Play by the Rules,” Washington Institute for Near East Policy, August 10, 2005. https://www.washingtoninstitute.org/policy-analysis/stay-game-hamas-has-play-rules
Michael Herzog, “Encouraging a Tougher PA Response to the Hamas Challenge,” Washington Institute for Near East Policy, July 28, 2005. https://www.washingtoninstitute.org/policy-analysis/encouraging-tougher-pa-response-hamas-challenge
Matthew Levitt, “Palestinian Authority Minister of Economy Tied to Hamas?,” Washington Institute for Near East Policy, March 4, 2005. https://www.washingtoninstitute.org/policy-analysis/palestinian-authority-minister-economy-tied-hamas
David Makovsky, “A Multi-Pronged Strategy to Defeat Hamas,” Washington Institute for Near East Policy, March 1, 2005. https://www.washingtoninstitute.org/policy-analysis/multi-pronged-strategy-defeat-hamas
Matthew Levitt, “Hamas and Islamic Jihad Clash over ‘Media Jihad’,” Washington Institute for Near East Policy, February 1, 2005. https://www.washingtoninstitute.org/policy-analysis/hamas-and-islamic-jihad-clash-over-media-jihad
2004
Matthew Levitt, “Terror [i.e., Hamas operatives] on the UN Payroll?,” Washington Institute for Near East Policy, October 13, 2004. https://www.washingtoninstitute.org/policy-analysis/terror-un-payroll
Matthew Levitt, “Indicting Hamas: By Disrupting Its Operations, Does the West Become a Target?,” Washington Institute for Near East Policy, August 26, 2004. https://www.washingtoninstitute.org/policy-analysis/indicting-hamas-disrupting-its-operations-does-west-become-target
Matthew Levitt, “Shaykh Yassin and Hamas Terror,” Washington Institute for Near East Policy, March 23, 2004. https://www.washingtoninstitute.org/policy-analysis/shaykh-yassin-and-hamas-terror
Jeff Cary, “Hamas Ceasefire Proposal: Peace or Pause?,” Washington Institute for Near East Policy, March 16, 2004. https://www.washingtoninstitute.org/policy-analysis/hamas-ceasefire-proposal-peace-or-pause
Matthew Levitt, “Shut Down Hamas,” Washington Institute for Near East Policy, January 22, 2004. https://www.washingtoninstitute.org/policy-analysis/shut-down-hamas
Zohar Palti, “Advancing Palestinian Society by Weakening Hamas,” Washington Institute for Near East Policy, January 21, 2004. https://www.washingtoninstitute.org/policy-analysis/advancing-palestinian-society-weakening-hamas
Matthew Levitt, “Hamas’s Political Wing: Terror by Other Means,” Washington Institute for Near East Policy, January 6, 2004. https://www.washingtoninstitute.org/policy-analysis/hamass-political-wing-terror-other-means
Matthew Levitt, “Hamas from Cradle to Grave,” Washington Institute for Near East Policy, January 1, 2004. https://www.washingtoninstitute.org/policy-analysis/hamas-cradle-grave
2003
Matthew Levitt, “Turning a Blind Eye to Hamas in London,” Washington Institute for Near East Policy/Los Angeles Times, October 20, 2003. https://www.washingtoninstitute.org/policy-analysis/turning-blind-eye-hamas-london
Max Abrahms, “Terrorism Casts Pall on ‘Road Map’,” Washington Institute for Near East Policy/Los Angeles Times, August 14, 2003. https://www.washingtoninstitute.org/policy-analysis/terrorism-casts-pall-road-map
Shoshanah Haberman, “Between Hudna and Crackdown: Assessing the Record of Hamas Ceasefires,” Washington Institute for Near East Policy, June 2, 2003. https://www.washingtoninstitute.org/policy-analysis/between-hudna-and-crackdown-assessing-record-hamas-ceasefires
Matthew Levitt, “Hamas Blood Money: Mixing Good Works and Terror is No Formula for Peace,” Washington Institute for Near East Policy, May 5, 2003. https://www.washingtoninstitute.org/policy-analysis/hamas-blood-money-mixing-good-works-and-terror-no-formula-peace
Jonathan Schanzer, “The Challenge of Hamas to Fatah,” Washington Institute for Near East Policy, April 1, 2003. https://www.washingtoninstitute.org/policy-analysis/challenge-hamas-fatah
2002
Jonathan Schanzer, “Fatah-Hamas Relations: Rapprochement or Ready to Rumble?,” Washington Institute for Near East Policy, December 19, 2002. https://www.washingtoninstitute.org/policy-analysis/fatah-hamas-relations-rapprochement-or-ready-rumble
Richard Sale, “Analysis: Hamas history tied to Israel,” UPI, June 18, 2002. https://www.upi.com/Defense-News/2002/06/18/Analysis-Hamas-history-tied-to-Israel/82721024445587/
Matthew Levitt, “Hamas: Toward a Lebanese-Style War of Attrition?,” Washington Institute for Near East Policy, February 26, 2002. https://www.washingtoninstitute.org/policy-analysis/hamas-toward-lebanese-style-war-attrition
Seth Wikas, “The Hamas Ceasefire: Historical Background, Future Foretold?,” Washington Institute for Near East Policy, January 3, 2002. https://www.washingtoninstitute.org/policy-analysis/hamas-ceasefire-historical-background-future-foretold
2001
David Schenker, “Jordan and the Islamists [i.e., Hamas]: Unfinished Business,” Washington Institute for Near East Policy, July 27, 2001. https://www.washingtoninstitute.org/policy-analysis/jordan-and-islamists-unfinished-business
Jacqueline Kaufman, “Islamic Palestine or Liberated Palestine? The Relationship between the Palestinian Authority and Hamas,” Washington Institute for Near East Policy, July 19, 2001. https://www.washingtoninstitute.org/policy-analysis/islamic-palestine-or-liberated-palestine-relationship-between-palestinian-authority
2000
Reuven Paz, “Hamas’s Lessons from Lebanon,” Washington Institute for Near East Policy, May 25, 2000. https://www.washingtoninstitute.org/policy-analysis/hamass-lessons-lebanon
Reuven Paz, “Palestinian [Hamas] Holocaust Denial,” Washington Institute for Near East Policy, April 21, 2000. https://www.washingtoninstitute.org/policy-analysis/palestinian-holocaust-denial
1999
Nicole Brackman, “Clampdown on Hamas: King Abdullah Strikes Out on His Own,” Washington Institute for Near East Policy, October 6, 1999. https://www.washingtoninstitute.org/policy-analysis/clampdown-hamas-king-abdullah-strikes-out-his-own
Meir Litvak, “The Islamization of the Palestinian-Israeli Conflict: the Case of Hamas,” January Middle Eastern Studies, January 1998, with permission of the author,
1997
Rachel Ingber and Jonathan Lincoln, “A ‘Kinder, Gentler’ Hamas?: Hamas Leaders on the Record,” Washington Institute for Near East Policy, October 27, 1997. https://www.washingtoninstitute.org/policy-analysis/kinder-gentler-hamas-hamas-leaders-record
Robert Satloff, “From Hebron to Har Homa to Hamas: The Chimera of ‘Reciprocity’,” Washington Institute for Near East Policy, April 4, 1997. https://www.washingtoninstitute.org/policy-analysis/hebron-har-homa-hamas-chimera-reciprocity
Jonathan Torop, “The Arafat-Hamas Rapprochement,” Washington Institute for Near East Policy, March 21, 1997. https://www.washingtoninstitute.org/policy-analysis/arafat-hamas-rapprochement
1993
Congressional Research Service staff, “Hamas: The Organizations, Goals and Tactics of a Militant Palestinian Organization,” Federation of American Scientists, October 14, 1993. https://irp.fas.org/crs/931014-hamas.htm
1992
Clinton Bailey, “Policy Focus: Hamas: The Fundamentalist Challenge to the PLO,” Washington Institute for Near East Policy, April 1992. https://www.washingtoninstitute.org/media/3643
1989
Lisa Taraki, “The Islamic Resistance Movement (Hamas) in the Palestinian Uprising,” Middle East Research and Information Project, January-February 1989. https://merip.org/1989/01/the-islamic-resistance-movement-in-the-palestinian-uprising/
Israel’s 9/11–CIE Webinar Series on the Israel-Hamas War, October 11, 2023 to July 3, 2024
July 3, 2024 — Connections and Conflict in Latin America
June 19, 2024 — Evolving Realities in Europe-Israel Relations
June 5, 2024 — Changes in the U.S.-Israel Relationship Since the June 1967 War
May 29, 2024 — College Campus Turmoil: Anti-Zionism, Antisemitism and Academic Unease
May 22, 2024 — Rafah and the Fog of War
May 15, 2024 — Assessing Israel@76
May 8, 2024 — Hezbollah’s War of Attrition
May 1, 2024 — Iran’s Threat and Regional Responses
April 17, 2024 — Women Respond to the War With Hamas
April 10, 2024 — Europe-Israel Relations Under Pressure
March 27, 2024 — U.S.-Israel Relations in Times of Tension
March 13, 2024 — The Danger of Hezbollah: Rockets, Evacuees and the Risk of War
March 6, 2024 — The Political Horizon for Gaza
February 28, 2024 — More Rabbinic Wisdom: Ireland, Spain, Canada and California
February 21, 2024 — Israel’s Diversity During War: Druze, Muslim, Christian and Haredi Responses
February 14, 2024 — Economic Disruption and Resilience: From Agriculture to High Tech
February 7, 2024 — War in Culture and Remembrance: Music, Memorials and More Artifacts
January 31, 2024 — Military Strategy and Tactics: How the IDF Is Fighting Hamas
January 24, 2024 — Life on the Homefront: Trauma, Resilience and Commitment
January 17, 2024 — Inside Palestinian Politics: Fatah, Hamas and Conflicts in the National Movement
January 10, 2024 — The View from the Pulpit: Rabbis Address the War’s Impact on Their Communities
January 3, 2024 — Hamas-Israel War: Three Months On
December 13, 2023 — Reporting from the Homefront: Observations of reporters on the Ground in Israel
November 22, 2023 — Hamas-Israel War: Israeli Border Regions, Islam and Turkey
November 15, 2023 — Hamas and Unrest on Israel’s Border: The Homefront and International Responses
November 8, 2023 — The Hamas-Israel War: Into the Second Month
November 1, 2023 — Regional Transformations: Great Power Chess and Israeli Volunteerism
October 18, 2023 — Domestic Reactions, Regional Motivations, and International Responses