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<span class="cie-plus-title">Summary of President Jimmy Carter’s Meetings With King Hussein, 1980</span><span class="cie-plus-badge">CIE+</span>

Summary of President Jimmy Carter’s Meetings With King Hussein, 1980CIE+

After the September 1978 Camp David Accords ended, the Carter administration diligently tried but failed to persuade Jordan’s King Hussein to be part of the follow-on negotiations over Palestinian autonomy. Carter felt Hussein was obstructionist; Hussein did not believe in 1978 that the US could halt Israeli settlement building as promised then. Hussein was correct. He also believed that Palestinian Autonomy might have a negative impact on many Palestinians living in his kingdom. Hussein was skeptical of the US capacity to negotiate for his national interests. At the same time, privately, Egypt’s Sadat was not displeased that the Jordanians remained out of favor with the US, and away from any negotiations that would detract from implementation of Israel’s promised full withdrawal from Sinai, per their 1979 Treaty. In 1988, Hussein stepped away from the West Bank’s future; in 1994, Jordan signed a peace treaty with Israel.

Documents and Sources|June 16 and 17, 1980
<span class="cie-plus-title">U.S.-Israel Memorandum of Agreement on the Peace Process, September 1991</span><span class="cie-plus-badge">CIE+</span>

U.S.-Israel Memorandum of Agreement on the Peace Process, September 1991CIE+

As part of the preparations for the Madrid peace conference in October 1991, U.S. Secretary of State James Baker drafts a memorandum of agreement between the U.S. and Israel regarding the particulars of resuming the Arab-Israeli peace process. He opens by reiterating that the intention of the negotiations is to achieve a regional peace agreement based on U.N. Security Council Resolutions 242 and 338.

Documents and Sources|September 16, 1991
<span class="cie-plus-title">Remarks by PLO Chairman Arafat at Signing of Oslo Accords, 1993</span><span class="cie-plus-badge">CIE+</span>

Remarks by PLO Chairman Arafat at Signing of Oslo Accords, 1993CIE+

Arafat offers gratitude to President Clinton for hosting this historic event, expressing hopes that the agreement will end a century of suffering and usher in peace coexistence and equal fights.
He acknowledges the courage of the people of Israel to seek the determination to build peace.
While advocating joint responsibility of Palestinians and Israelis to enforce the agreement, history shows that over the next decade, Arafat does not clamp down on violent attacks against Israelis.

Documents and Sources|September 13, 1993
<span class="cie-plus-title">Remarks by President Clinton at Signing of Oslo Accords, 1993</span><span class="cie-plus-badge">CIE+</span>

Remarks by President Clinton at Signing of Oslo Accords, 1993CIE+

Clinton expresses gratitude to those who brought about the possibilities of reconciling Israeli and Palestinian aspirations, and acknowledges past leaders, Menachem Begin, Anwar Sadat, Jimmy Carter, and George Bush for advancing the sides toward this moment of signing the Accords on Interim Palestinian Self-Government. Over the next two decades, funds pour into the West Bank and Gaza Strip and elections for a self governing authority are held, but autocratic rule and financial mismanagement prevail, stymying along with other reasons, successful Palestinian self-rule.

Documents and Sources|September 13, 1993
<span class="cie-plus-title">Remarks by Israeli Prime Minister Rabin at Signing of Oslo Accords, 1993</span><span class="cie-plus-badge">CIE+</span>

Remarks by Israeli Prime Minister Rabin at Signing of Oslo Accords, 1993CIE+

As a lifetime soldier-politician, Rabin acknowledges that the signing of the Declaration of Principles was profoundly difficult, and yet there is a yearning to end the cycle of violence and engage in reconciliation with the Palestinians. Drawing inspiration from Jewish tradition, he stresses the timeliness of pursuing peace and prays for a new era in the Middle East. 

Documents and Sources|September 13, 1993
<span class="cie-plus-title">How Prime Minister Yitzhak Rabin Viewed the 1993 Oslo Accords — A Collection in His Own Words</span><span class="cie-plus-badge">CIE+</span>

How Prime Minister Yitzhak Rabin Viewed the 1993 Oslo Accords — A Collection in His Own WordsCIE+

In September 2023, thirty years after the historic signing of the Oslo Accords, there is occasion to review Prime Minister Rabin’s understanding of them. I assembled this collection years ago from Daily Reports- Near East and South Asia, 1993-1995. Two short items about Rabin’s views are also found or linked here. Rabin provided a summary of his views of the Accords in a Knesset speech in October 5, 1995. Some of Rabin’s reasons for signing the Accords are also provided in Yehuda Avner’s The Prime Ministers.

Documents and Sources, Ken's Blog|September 1993-November 1995
<span class="cie-plus-title">Israeli-Jordanian Treaty Excerpts, 1994</span><span class="cie-plus-badge">CIE+</span>

Israeli-Jordanian Treaty Excerpts, 1994CIE+

Jordan becomes the second Arab country after Egypt (1979) to sign a peace treaty ending the state of war with Israel. The Treaty addresses boundary demarcations, water sharing, police and security cooperation, environmental issues, border crossings, administration of Muslim holy sites and other issues.

Documents and Sources|October 26, 1994
<span class="cie-plus-title">Presidents Clinton and Assad Meet in Damascus, 1994</span><span class="cie-plus-badge">CIE+</span>

Presidents Clinton and Assad Meet in Damascus, 1994CIE+

A day after the signing of the Jordan-Israel peace treaty and hours before addressing the Knesset, U.S. President Bill Clinton meets with his Syrian counterpart, Hafez al-Assad, in Damascus and expresses optimism that Syria will be part of a comprehensive Middle East peace. Assad continues to insist on the full return of the Golan Heights.

Documents and Sources|October 27, 1994
<span class="cie-plus-title">U.S. Jerusalem Embassy Act of 1995</span><span class="cie-plus-badge">CIE+</span>

U.S. Jerusalem Embassy Act of 1995CIE+

In 1995, Senators Robert Dole and Jon Kyl introduced the Jerusalem Embassy Act to move the U.S. Embassy to Jerusalem. The bill was adopted by an overwhelming majority in both houses of Congress; it provided Presidential authorization to effectively delay the embassy move every six months, if deemed necessary for U.S. national security interests.

Documents and Sources|November 8, 1995
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